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Title: Evolution and comparative genomics of the most common Trichoderma species

Journal Article · · BMC Genomics
 [1];  [2];  [1];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [5];  [1];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [8];  [5];  [7]; ORCiD logo [5]
  1. Technische Univ. Wien, Vienna (Austria). Institute of Chemical, Environmental & Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE)
  2. Universidade de Brasília, Brasíla, DF (Brazil); USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA (United States)
  3. USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA (United States); Univ. degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Portici (Italy)
  4. Aix-Marseille Univ., Marseille (France); National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Marseilles (France); INRA, Marseille (France); King Abdulaziz Univ., Jeddah (Saudi Arabia)
  5. Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing (China). Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Organic Solid Waste Utilization
  6. Vienna (Austria)
  7. USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA (United States)
  8. Universidad de Salamanca, Villamayor (Spain). Centro Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE)
  9. Univ. of Pisa (Italy)
  10. Universidade de Brasília, Brasíla, DF (Brazil)

Background: The growing importance of the ubiquitous fungal genus Trichoderma (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) requires understanding of its biology and evolution. Many Trichoderma species are used as biofertilizers and biofungicides and T. reesei is the model organism for industrial production of cellulolytic enzymes. In addition, some highly opportunistic species devastate mushroom farms and can become pathogens of humans. A comparative analysis of the first three whole genomes revealed mycoparasitism as the innate feature of Trichoderma. However, the evolution of these traits is not yet understood. Results: We selected 12 most commonly occurring Trichoderma species and studied the evolution of their genome sequences. Trichoderma evolved in the time of the Cretaceous-Palaeogene extinction event 66 (±15) mya, but the formation of extant sections (Longibrachiatum, Trichoderma) or clades (Harzianum/Virens) happened in Oligocene. The evolution of the Harzianum clade and section Trichoderma was accompanied by significant gene gain, but the ancestor of section Longibrachiatum experienced rapid gene loss. The highest number of genes gained encoded ankyrins, HET domain proteins and transcription factors. We also identified the Trichoderma core genome, completely curated its annotation, investigated several gene families in detail and compared the results to those of other fungi. Eighty percent of those genes for which a function could be predicted were also found in other fungi, but only 67% of those without a predictable function. Conclusions: Our study presents a time scaled pattern of genome evolution in 12 Trichoderma species from three phylogenetically distant clades/sections and a comprehensive analysis of their genes. The data offer insights in the evolution of a mycoparasite towards a generalist.

Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Key Research and Development Program of China; Austrian Science Foundation; CAPES foundation; CNPq; IDEX Aix Marseille
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231; Microbio-E, 2015–2017; P25613-B20; I-1249
OSTI ID:
1619122
Journal Information:
BMC Genomics, Vol. 20, Issue 1; ISSN 1471-2164
Publisher:
SpringerCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 114 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Use of Competitive Filamentous Fungi as an Alternative Approach for Mycotoxin Risk Reduction in Staple Cereals: State of Art and Future Perspectives journal December 2019
Enlightening Gliotoxin Biological System in Agriculturally Relevant Trichoderma spp. journal March 2020
Seeking the Roles for Fungal Small-Secreted Proteins in Affecting Saprophytic Lifestyles journal March 2020
Genome Sequence of Trichoderma lixii MUT3171, A Promising Strain for Mycoremediation of PAH-Contaminated Sites journal August 2020


Figures / Tables (16)