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Use of hydrodynamic theory to estimate electrical current redistribution in metals

Journal Article · · Physics of Plasmas
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5143271· OSTI ID:1618071
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [1];  [3]
  1. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
  2. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  3. Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV (United States)

Using the analogy between hydrodynamic and electrical current flow, we study herein how electrical current density j redistributes and amplifies due to two commonly encountered inhomogeneities in metals. First, we consider flow around a spherical resistive inclusion and find significant j amplification, independent of inclusion size. Hence, even μm-scale inclusions can affect performance in applications by creating localized regions of enhanced Joule heating. Next, we investigate j redistribution due to surface roughness, idealized as a sinusoidal perturbation with amplitude A and wavelength λ. Theory predicts that j amplification is determined by the ratio A / λ , so that even “smooth” surface finishes (i.e., small A) can generate significant amplification, if λ is correspondingly small. We compare theory with magnetohydrodynamic simulation to illustrate both the utility and limitations of the steady-state theory.

Research Organization:
Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program
Grant/Contract Number:
AC04-94AL85000; NA0003525; 89233218CNA000001
OSTI ID:
1618071
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1617086
OSTI ID: 1645089
Report Number(s):
SAND--2019-15435J; APS/123--QED; 681994
Journal Information:
Physics of Plasmas, Journal Name: Physics of Plasmas Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 27; ISSN 1070-664X
Publisher:
American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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