The pantropical response of soil moisture to El Niño

Solander, Kurt C.; Newman, Brent D.; Carioca de Araujo, Alessandro; Barnard, Holly R.; Berry, Z. Carter; Bonal, Damien; Bretfeld, Mario; Burban, Benoit; Antonio Candido, Luiz; Célleri, Rolando; Chambers, Jeffery Q.; Christoffersen, Bradley O.; Detto, Matteo; Dorigo, Wouter A.; Ewers, Brent E.; José Filgueiras Ferreira, Savio; Knohl, Alexander; Leung, L. Ruby; McDowell, Nate G.; Miller, Gretchen R.; Terezinha Ferreira Monteiro, Maria; Moore, Georgianne W.; Negron-Juarez, Robinson; Saleska, Scott R.; Stiegler, Christian; Tomasella, Javier; Xu, Chonggang

doi:10.5194/hess-24-2303-2020

Title: The pantropical response of soil moisture to El Niño

Journal Article · Mon May 11 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2303-2020· OSTI ID:1617997

Solander, Kurt C.; Newman, Brent D.; Carioca de Araujo, Alessandro; Barnard, Holly R.; Berry, Z. Carter; Bonal, Damien; Bretfeld, Mario; Burban, Benoit; Antonio Candido, Luiz; Célleri, Rolando; Chambers, Jeffery Q.;

; Detto, Matteo;

; Ewers, Brent E.; José Filgueiras Ferreira, Savio;

;

; McDowell, Nate G.;

The 2015–2016 El Niño event ranks as one of the most severe on record in terms of the magnitude and extent of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies generated in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Corresponding global impacts on the climate were expected to rival, or even surpass, those of the 1997–1998 severe El Niño event, which had SST anomalies that were similar in size. However, the 2015–2016 event failed to meet expectations for hydrologic change in many areas, including those expected to receive well above normal precipitation. To better understand how climate anomalies during an El Niño event impact soil moisture, we investigate changes in soil moisture in the humid tropics (between ±25⁰) during the three most recent super El Niño events of 1982–1983, 1997–1998 and 2015–2016, using data from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). First, we use in situ soil moisture observations obtained from 16 sites across five continents to validate and bias-correct estimates from GLDAS (r²=0.54). Next, we apply a k-means cluster analysis to the soil moisture estimates during the El Niño mature phase, resulting in four groups of clustered data. The strongest and most consistent decreases in soil moisture occur in the Amazon basin and maritime southeastern Asia, while the most consistent increases occur over eastern Africa. In addition, we compare changes in soil moisture to both precipitation and evapotranspiration, which showed a lack of agreement in the direction of change between these variables and soil moisture most prominently in the southern Amazon basin, the Sahel and mainland southeastern Asia. Our results can be used to improve estimates of spatiotemporal differences in El Niño impacts on soil moisture in tropical hydrology and ecosystem models at multiple scales.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); French National Research Agency (ANR); National Science Foundation (NSF); German Research Foundation (DFG)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC05-76RL01830; ANR-10-LABX-25-01; ANR-11-LABX-0002-01; 1360305; 192626868; 89233218CNA000001; AC05- 76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1617997

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1631669; OSTI ID: 1699479

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-19-20823

Journal Information:: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (Online), Journal Name: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (Online) Vol. 24 Journal Issue: 5; ISSN 1607-7938

Publisher:: European Geosciences Union (EGU)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

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Cited by: 10 works

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