Shock Initiation Microscopy with High Time and Space Resolution

Bassett, Will P.; Johnson, Belinda P.; Salvati, Lawrence; Nissen, Erin J.; Bhowmick, Mithun; Dlott, Dana D.

doi:10.1002/prep.201900222

Shock Initiation Microscopy with High Time and Space Resolution

Journal Article · Fri Jan 24 00:00:00 EST 2020 · Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.201900222· OSTI ID:1616402

Bassett, Will P. ^[1]; Johnson, Belinda P. ^[2]; Salvati, Lawrence ^[2]; Nissen, Erin J. ^[2]; Bhowmick, Mithun ^[2]; Dlott, Dana D. ^[2]

Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)

In this paper, we describe studies of shock initiation and shock-to-detonation transitions in energetic materials using a tabletop shock compression microscope with nanosecond time resolution and micrometer spatial resolution. Planar input shocks with durations of 4–20 ns are produced using 0–4.5 km/s laser-launched flyer plates. Emphasis is on measurements of temperature, velocities, pressure, and microstructure using photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV), optical pyrometry and high-speed videography. Techniques are discussed for fabricating disposable shock target arrays of tiny plastic-bonded explosives (PBX), liquid and powder explosives, and single-crystal explosives for high-throughput studies. Optical temperature measurements of shocked triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) are discussed. Since TATB is yellow, we developed methods to correct for the blue absorption to obtain more accurate temperatures. Hot spots in shocked polymer-encased HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) crystals are observed in real-time, showing a hot spot produced in a collapsing void that ignites a deflagration. Despite the small dimensions of our explosive charges (typically 1 mm diameter and 250 μm length), we produced reproducible detonation states in solid and liquid explosives using short-duration shocks near the von Neumann spike (VNS) pressure. We show the VNS pressure is associated with a transition to high-efficiency gas production from the explosives. In studies of NM, prior to detonation, we see reaction originating at hot spots which coalesce to form a superdetonation.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); US Air Force Office of Scientific Research; US Army Research Office; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; NA0002135

OSTI ID:: 1616402

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1594198

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL--779582; 973545

Journal Information:: Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, Journal Name: Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 45; ISSN 0721-3115

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (38)

A General Model for the Shock Initiation of Explosives Walker, F. E.; Wasley, R. J. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, Vol. 1, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.19760010403	journal	October 1976
High-Speed Laser-Launched Flyer Impacts Studied with Ultrafast Photography and Velocimetry Banishev, Alexandr A.; Shaw, William L.; Bassett, Will P. Journal of Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40870-016-0058-2	journal	February 2016
From cellular structure to failure waves in liquid detonations Urtiew, Paul A. Combustion and Flame, Vol. 25 https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(75)90090-5	journal	August 1975
Theory and practice of radiation thermometry Garimella, Suresh V. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol. 4, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0894-1777(91)90013-h	journal	July 1991
Shock-to-detonation transition of nitromethane: Time-resolved emission spectroscopy measurements Bouyer, Viviane; Darbord, Isabelle; Hervé, Philippe Combustion and Flame, Vol. 144, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.07.004	journal	January 2006
Temperature measurements of Al containing nano-thermite reactions using multi-wavelength pyrometry Weismiller, M. R.; Lee, J. G.; Yetter, R. A. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 33, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.094	journal	January 2011
Hot spot ignition mechanisms for explosives Field, John E. Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 25, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00023a002	journal	November 1992
Shock Induced Reaction Observed via Ultrafast Infrared Absorption in Poly(vinyl nitrate) Films McGrane, S. D.; Moore, D. S.; Funk, D. J. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 108, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp048464x	journal	October 2004
Ultrafast Shock Initiation of Exothermic Chemistry in Hydrogen Peroxide Armstrong, Michael R.; Zaug, Joseph M.; Goldman, Nir The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 117, Issue 49 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp407595u	journal	October 2013
Ultrafast Chemical Reactions in Shocked Nitromethane Probed with Dynamic Ellipsometry and Transient Absorption Spectroscopy Brown, Kathryn E.; McGrane, Shawn D.; Bolme, Cynthia A. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 118, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp4125793	journal	March 2014
Ultrafast Shock Compression of an Oxygen-Balanced Mixture of Nitromethane and Hydrogen Peroxide Armstrong, Michael R.; Zaug, Joseph M.; Grant, Christian D. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 118, Issue 32 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp502891p	journal	July 2014
Multiple Roles of Highly Vibrationally Excited Molecules in the Reaction Zones of Detonation Waves Tarver, Craig M. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 101, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9626430	journal	July 1997
Ultrasonic hammer produces hot spots in solids You, Sizhu; Chen, Ming-Wei; Dlott, Dana D. Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7581	journal	April 2015
Turbulent Effects in Detonation Flow: Diluted Nitromethane Mallory, H. Dean Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 38, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1709318	journal	December 1967
Detonation Reaction Zones in Condensed Explosives Tarver, Craig M. SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2005: Proceedings of the Conference of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2263497	conference	January 2006
Microenergetic Shock Initiation Studies on Deposited Films of petn Tappan, Alexander S.; Wixom, Ryan R.; Trott, Wayne M. SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER 2009: Proceedings of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3295133	conference	January 2009
Time-resolved measurements of near infrared emission spectra from explosions: Pure pentaerythritol tetranitrate and its mixtures containing silver and aluminum particles Koch, Jon D.; Piecuch, Scott; Lightstone, James M. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 108, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3437056	journal	August 2010
Critical detonation thickness in vapor-deposited pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) films Tappan, Alexander S.; Knepper, Robert; Wixom, Ryan R. SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011: Proceedings of the Conference of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3686369	conference	January 2012
The initiation of fine grain pentaerythritol tetranitrate by laser-driven flyer plates Watson, S.; Gifford, M. J.; Field, J. E. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 88, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.373625	journal	July 2000
Shocked molecular solids: Vibrational up pumping, defect hot spot formation, and the onset of chemistry Dlott, Dana D.; Fayer, Michael D. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 92, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.457838	journal	March 1990
Laser-driven flyer plates for shock compression science: Launch and target impact probed by photon Doppler velocimetry Curtis, Alexander D.; Banishev, Alexandr A.; Shaw, William L. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 85, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4871361	journal	April 2014
In-situ Raman spectroscopy and high-speed photography of a shocked triaminotrinitrobenzene based explosive Saint-Amans, C.; Hébert, P.; Doucet, M. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 117, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4905186	journal	January 2015
High dynamic range emission measurements of shocked energetic materials: Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) Bassett, Will P.; Dlott, Dana D. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 119, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4953353	journal	June 2016
X-ray imaging and 3D reconstruction of in-flight exploding foil initiator flyers Willey, T. M.; Champley, K.; Hodgin, R. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 119, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4953681	journal	June 2016
Multichannel emission spectrometer for high dynamic range optical pyrometry of shock-driven materials Bassett, Will P.; Dlott, Dana D. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 87, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4964386	journal	October 2016
Near-failure detonation behavior of vapor-deposited hexanitrostilbene (HNS) films Knepper, Robert; Wixom, Ryan R.; Marquez, Michael P. SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2015: Proceedings of the Conference of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4971472	conference	January 2017
Shock initiation of explosives: High temperature hot spots explained Bassett, Will P.; Johnson, Belinda P.; Neelakantan, Nitin K. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4985593	journal	August 2017
Detonation on a tabletop: Nitromethane with high time and space resolution Bhowmick, Mithun; Nissen, Erin J.; Dlott, Dana D. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5043540	journal	August 2018
Laser driven flyers for investigations of shock initiation of explosives Bassett, Will P.; Johnson, Belinda P.; Dlott, Dana D. SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2017: Proceedings of the Conference of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5044959	conference	January 2018
Optical windows as materials for high-speed shock wave detectors Bhowmick, Mithun; Basset, Will P.; Matveev, Sergey AIP Advances, Vol. 8, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5055676	journal	December 2018
Time-resolved temperatures of shocked and detonating energetic materials Yoo, C. S.; Holmes, N. C.; Souers, P. C. Proceedings of the conference of the American Physical Society topical group on shock compression of condensed matter, AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.50594	conference	January 1996
Dynamic absorption in optical pyrometry of hot spots in plastic-bonded triaminotrinitrobenzene Bassett, Will P.; Johnson, Belinda P.; Dlott, Dana D. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5092984	journal	May 2019
Phenomenological model of shock initiation in heterogeneous explosives Lee, E. L.; Tarver, C. M. Physics of Fluids, Vol. 23, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.862940	journal	January 1980
Revisiting Shock Initiation Modeling of Homogeneous Explosives Partom, Yehuda Journal of Energetic Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1080/07370652.2012.674626	journal	April 2013
A view on the functioning mechanism of EBW detonators-part 3: explosive initiation characterisation Lee, E. A.; Drake, R. C.; Richardson, J. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 500, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/500/18/182023	journal	May 2014
Shock initiation experiments with ignition and growth modeling on low density HMX Garcia, Frank; Vandersall, Kevin S.; Tarver, Craig M. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 500, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/500/5/052048	journal	May 2014
The initiation of high surface area Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate using fiber-coupled laser-driven flyer plates Bowden, M. D.; Drake, R. C. Photonic Devices + Applications, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.734244	conference	September 2007
Validated model-based simulation tool for design optimization of exploding foil initiators Ebenhöch, Stefan; Nau, Siegfried; Häring, Ivo The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology, Vol. 12, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1177/1548512914557834	journal	November 2013

Similar Records

Critical conditions for impact- and shock-induced hot spots in solid explosives

Journal Article · Wed Apr 03 23:00:00 EST 1996 · Journal of Physical Chemistry · OSTI ID:232535

On the violence of thermal explosion in solid explosives

Journal Article · Tue Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 1997 · Combustion and Flame · OSTI ID:543438

Sensitivity of 2,6-Diamino-3, 5-Dinitropyrazine-1-Oxide

Journal Article · Wed Jan 19 23:00:00 EST 2005 · Journal of Energetic Materials · OSTI ID:15020300

Related Subjects

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
imaging
molecular explosives
pyrometry
shock compression
velocimetry

Shock Initiation Microscopy with High Time and Space Resolution

Citation Formats

References (38)

Similar Records

Related Subjects