Editors’ Choice—Review—Recent Advances in Mixed Potential Sensors

Ramaiyan, Kannan Pasupathikovil; Mukundan, Rangachary

doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ab67ab

Editors’ Choice—Review—Recent Advances in Mixed Potential Sensors

Journal Article · Tue Jan 21 00:00:00 EST 2020 · Journal of the Electrochemical Society (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ab67ab· OSTI ID:1614841

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Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Gas sensors are widely used in environmental monitoring and provide controls especially when working with toxic gases. YSZ based λ-sensors have been utilized in the automobile industry for exhaust gas monitoring for more than 40 years. However, recent regulations on emissions reduction has forced further development of toxic gases monitoring in various applications. Mixed potential sensors with YSZ electrolyte are receiving increased attention due to their higher sensitivity and durability under harsh conditions. This review focuses on recent (past 5 years) developments made on electrode and electrolyte structure along with new sensing electrode materials towards detecting gases such as NO_x, NH₃, H₂, CO and hydrocarbons (HCs). The theory of mixed potential sensors is discussed along with recent developments in detection of multi-gas mixtures using the output from an array of sensors in a mathematical model. Future directions for mixed potential sensor research, and methodologies to improving sensing characteristics are also outlined

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 1614841

Report Number(s):: LA-UR--19-30274

Journal Information:: Journal of the Electrochemical Society (Online), Journal Name: Journal of the Electrochemical Society (Online) Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 167; ISSN 1945-7111

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Sensing performance of zirconia-based gas sensor using titania sensing-electrode added with palladium Fujio, Yuki; Sato, Tomoaki; Miura, Norio Solid State Ionics, Vol. 262 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2013.08.028	journal	September 2014
Influence of the V2O5 content of the catalyst layer of a non-Nernstian NH3 sensor Schönauer-Kamin, Daniela; Fleischer, Maximilian; Moos, Ralf Solid State Ionics, Vol. 262 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2013.08.035	journal	September 2014
High Performance Mixed-Potential Type NOx Sensor Based On Stabilized Zirconia and Oxide Electrode Lu, Geyu; Diao, Quan; Yin, Chenguo Solid State Ionics, Vol. 262 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2014.01.037	journal	September 2014
A review of high-temperature electrochemical sensors based on stabilized zirconia Liu, Tao; Zhang, Xiaofang; Yuan, Lei Solid State Ionics, Vol. 283 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2015.10.012	journal	December 2015
Data Integration for the Assessment of Population Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution for Global Burden of Disease Assessment Shaddick, Gavin; Thomas, Matthew L.; Amini, Heresh Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 52, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02864	journal	June 2018
Fabrication of Well-Ordered Three-Phase Boundary with Nanostructure Pore Array for Mixed Potential-Type Zirconia-Based NO ₂ Sensor Wang, Bin; Liu, Fangmeng; Yang, Xue ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 8, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b04219	journal	June 2016
Fast Response, Highly Sensitive and Selective Mixed-Potential H ₂ Sensor Based on (La, Sr)(Cr, Fe)O _3-δ Perovskite Sensing Electrode Zhang, He; Yi, Jianxin; Jiang, Xi ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 9, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b01901	journal	May 2017
Amperometric Gas Sensors as a Low Cost Emerging Technology Platform for Air Quality Monitoring Applications: A Review Baron, Ronan; Saffell, John ACS Sensors, Vol. 2, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.7b00620	journal	October 2017
Review of Electrochemical Hydrogen Sensors Korotcenkov, Ghenadii; Han, Sang Do; Stetter, Joseph R. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 109, Issue 3, p. 1402-1433 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr800339k	journal	March 2009
Gasoline automobile catalysis and its historical journey to cleaner air Farrauto, Robert J.; Deeba, Michel; Alerasool, Saeed Nature Catalysis, Vol. 2, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-019-0312-9	journal	July 2019
Highly selective zirconia-based propene sensor attached with sol–gel derived NiO nanospheres Mahendraprabhu, Kamaraj; Elumalai, Perumal RSC Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA16992A	journal	January 2015
Resistive-based gas sensors for detection of benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) gases: a review Mirzaei, Ali; Kim, Jae-Hun; Kim, Hyoun Woo Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 6, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TC00245B	journal	January 2018
High-Temperature Ceramic Gas Sensors: A Review Akbar, Sheikh; Dutta, Prabir; Lee, Chonghoon International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7402.2006.02084.x	journal	July 2006
Application of Commercial Manufacturing Methods to Mixed-Potential NOx Sensors Kreller, C. R.; Sekhar, P. K.; Li, W. ECS Transactions, Vol. 50, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1149/05012.0307ecst	journal	March 2013
Dynamometer Testing of Planar Mixed-Potential Sensors Kreller, C. R.; Sekhar, P. K.; Prikhodko, V. ECS Transactions, Vol. 61, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1149/06119.0055ecst	journal	September 2014
Trace Detection of 2, 4, 6-Trinitrotoluene Using Electrochemical Gas Sensors Sekhar, P. K.; Zhou, J.; Hamblin, E. R. ECS Transactions, Vol. 64, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1149/06401.0085ecst	journal	August 2014
A Three Electrode Mixed Potential Sensor for Gas Detection and Discrimination Tsui, L. -k.; Benavidez, A. D.; Palanisamy, P. ECS Transactions, Vol. 75, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1149/07516.0009ecst	journal	August 2016
Improvement in Response/Recovery Characteristics of Mixed-Potential-Type Zirconia-Based CO Sensor Using ZnCr2O4 Added with Au Particles-Sensing Electrode Fujio, Y.; Anggraini, S. A.; Ikeda, H. ECS Transactions, Vol. 75, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1149/07516.0059ecst	journal	August 2016
Quantitative Decoding of Complex Gas Mixtures Using Mixed-Potential Sensor Arrays Ramaiyan, K. P.; Kreller, C. R.; Brosha, E. L. ECS Transactions, Vol. 75, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1149/07516.0107ecst	journal	August 2016
(Invited) Field Trials Testing of Mixed Potential Electrochemical Hydrogen Safety Sensors at Commercial California Hydrogen Filling Stations Brosha, Eric L.; Romero, Christopher J.; Poppe, Daniel ECS Transactions, Vol. 80, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1149/08010.1333ecst	journal	October 2017
High-Temperature Hydrocarbon Sensors Based on a Stabilized Zirconia Electrolyte and Metal Oxide Electrodes Hibino, Takashi Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1390937	journal	January 1999
Non-Nernstian Behavior at Modified Au Electrodes for Hydrocarbon Gas Sensing Hibino, Takashi Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 146, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1392478	journal	January 1999
A Mixed-Potential Sensor Based on a Ce[sub 0.8]Gd[sub 0.2]O[sub 1.9] Electrolyte and Platinum and Gold Electrodes Mukundan, R.; Brosha, E. L.; Brown, D. R. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 147, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1393398	journal	January 2000
Polybenzimidazole-Based Hydrogen Sensors I. Mechanism of Response with an E-TEK Gas Diffusion Electrode Bouchet, R.; Siebert, E.; Vitter, G. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 147, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1393869	journal	January 2000
Polybenzimidazole-Based Hydrogen Sensors II. Effect of the Electrode Preparation Bouchet, R.; Siebert, E.; Vitter, G. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 147, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1393936	journal	January 2000
Mixed Potential Hydrocarbon Sensors based on a YSZ Electrolyte and Oxide Electrodes Mukundan, Rangachary; Brosha, Eric L.; Garzon, Fernando H. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 150, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1621880	journal	January 2003
Sensing Mechanism of Potentiometric Gas Sensors Based on Stabilized Zirconia with Oxide Electrodes Di Bartolomeo, Elisabetta; Grilli, Maria Luisa; Traversa, Enrico Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 151, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1695387	journal	January 2004
Mixed Potential Type NO[sub x] Sensor Based on Stabilized Zirconia and Oxide Electrode Miura, Norio Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 143, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1836448	journal	January 1996
Mixed Potential Hydrogen Sensor Combining Oxide Ion Conductor with Oxide Electrode Lu, Geyu Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 143, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1836959	journal	January 1996
Acid-Doped Polybenzimidazole as the Membrane of Electrochemical Hydrogen Sensors Bouchet, R. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 144, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1837622	journal	January 1997
Sensing Characteristics of YSZ-Based Mixed-Potential-Type Planar NO[sub x] Sensors Using NiO Sensing Electrodes Sintered at Different Temperatures Elumalai, Perumal; Wang, Jian; Zhuiykov, Serge Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 152, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1923707	journal	January 2005
Physical Principles Governing Nonideal Behavior of the Zirconia Oxygen Sensor Fleming, William J. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 124, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2133235	journal	January 1977
Room-Temperature Hydrogen Sensors Based on an In[sup 3+]-Doped SnP[sub 2]O[sub 7] Proton Conductor Tomita, Atsuko; Namekata, Yousuke; Nagao, Masahiro Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 154, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2713702	journal	January 2007
Improving NO[sub 2] Sensitivity by Adding WO[sub 3] during Processing of NiO Sensing-Electrode of Mixed-Potential-Type Zirconia-Based Sensor Miura, Norio; Wang, Jian; Elumalai, Perumal Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 154, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2747532	journal	January 2007
Improvement in Propene Sensing Characteristics by the Use of Additives to In[sub 2]O[sub 3] Sensing Electrode of Mixed-Potential-Type Zirconia Sensor Wama, Ryotaro; Plashnitsa, Vladimir V.; Elumalai, Perumal Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 156, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.3090168	journal	January 2009
Tunable NO[sub 2]-Sensing Characteristics of YSZ-Based Mixed-Potential-Type Sensor Using Ni[sub 1−x]Co[sub x]O-Sensing Electrode Elumalai, Perumal; Plashnitsa, Vladimir V.; Fujio, Yuki Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 156, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.3174390	journal	January 2009
Application of Commercial Automotive Sensor Manufacturing Methods for NO_x/NH₃ Mixed Potential Sensors for Vehicle On-board Emissions Control Sekhar, Praveen K.; Brosha, Eric L.; Mukundan, R. ECS Transactions, Vol. 19, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.3245168	journal	October 2009
YSZ-based Sensor Using NiO Sensing Electrode for Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds in ppb Level Sato, Tomoaki; Plashnitsa, Vladimir V.; Utiyama, Masahiro Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 158, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.3573780	journal	January 2011
Review—Conducting Polymers as Chemiresistive Gas Sensing Materials: A Review Wong, Yung Cheng; Ang, Bee Chin; Haseeb, A. S. M. A. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 167, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0032003JES	journal	September 2019
Detection of Harmful Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylenes (BTEX) Vapors Using Electrochemical Gas Sensors Sekhar, P. K.; Subramaniyam, K. ECS Electrochemistry Letters, Vol. 3, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.005402eel	journal	November 2013
Review—Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids for Electrochemical Application with Special Focus on Gas Sensors Paul, Anirban; Muthukumar, Sriram; Prasad, Shalini Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 167, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0112003JES	journal	January 2020
Effect of the Heterogeneous Catalytic Activity of Electrodes for Mixed Potential Sensors Ritter, Thomas; Lattus, Julia; Hagen, Gunter Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0181816jes	journal	January 2018
Review—Electrochemical NO _x Gas Sensors Based on Stabilized Zirconia Liu, Tao; Wang, Xiangnan; Li, Lin Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0501713jes	journal	January 2017
Potentiometric Ethene Sensor for Postharvest Detection Applications Sekhar, Praveen K.; Ludwig, Tim; Wilhelm, Michael Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0501915jes	journal	January 2019
Mixed Potential Response for Hydrocarbons in a Proton-Conductive Electrochemical Cell Operated at Room Temperature Hibino, Takashi; Kobayashi, Kazuyo Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 161, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.054405jes	journal	January 2014
Potentiometric Carbon Monoxide Sensors Using an Anion-Conducting Polymer Electrolyte and Au-Loaded SnO ₂ Electrodes Hyodo, Takeo; Goto, Toshiyuki; Ueda, Taro Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 163, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0561607jes	journal	January 2016
CO Response Characteristics of NiFe ₂ O ₄ Sensing Material at Elevated Temperature Yang, Bin; Wang, Chao; Xiao, Ran Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0581912jes	journal	January 2019
Influence of the Solid-Electrolyte Ionic Material in a Potentiometric Sensor for Ethylene Detection Toldra-Reig, Fidel; Pastor, Daniel; Serra, Jose M. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1171914jes	journal	January 2019
Sensing Performance of a YSZ-Based Electrochemical NO ₂ Sensor Using Nanocomposite Electrodes Yoo, Young-Sung; Bhardwaj, Aman; Hong, Jae-Woon Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1261910jes	journal	January 2019
Response Characteristics of a Stable Mixed Potential Ammonia Sensor in Simulated Diesel Exhaust Ramaiyan, Kannan P.; Pihl, Josh A.; Kreller, Cortney R. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1271709jes	journal	January 2017
Editors' Choice—Field Trials Testing of Mixed Potential Electrochemical Hydrogen Safety Sensors at Commercial California Hydrogen Filling Stations Brosha, Eric L.; Romero, Christopher J.; Poppe, Daniel Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1491713jes	journal	January 2017
Electrochemical Sensors for Air Quality Monitoring Ramaiyan, Kannan Pasupathikovil; Mukundan (Mukund), Rangachary The Electrochemical Society Interface, Vol. 28, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.F08193IF	journal	January 2019
WO3–V2O5 Active Oxides for NOx SCR by NH3: Preparation Methods, Catalysts’ Composition, and Deactivation Mechanism—A Review Zhang, Weidong; Qi, Shuhua; Pantaleo, Giuseppe Catalysts, Vol. 9, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9060527	journal	June 2019
Exploitation of Unique Properties of Zeolites in the Development of Gas Sensors Zheng, Yangong; Li, Xiaogan; Dutta, Prabir K. Sensors, Vol. 12, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/s120405170	journal	April 2012
Mixed-Potential Gas Sensors Using an Electrolyte Consisting of Zinc Phosphate Glass and Benzimidazole Akamatsu, Takafumi; Itoh, Toshio; Shin, Woosuck Sensors, Vol. 17, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/s17010097	journal	January 2017
A New Low-Temperature Electrochemical Hydrocarbon and NOx Sensor Sekhar, Praveen; Moore, Zachary; Aravamudhan, Shyam Sensors, Vol. 17, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.3390/s17122759	journal	November 2017
High Performance Mixed Potential Type NO2 Gas Sensor Based on Porous YSZ Layer Formed with Graphite Doping Hong, Hao; Sun, Jianwen; Wu, Cinan Sensors, Vol. 19, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.3390/s19153337	journal	July 2019
Development of an Al2O3/ZrO2-Composite High-Accuracy NOx Sensor Sasaki, Hisashi; Scholl, David; Parsons, Mike SAE 2010 World Congress & Exhibition, SAE Technical Paper Series https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-0041	conference	April 2010
High-temperature CO / HC gas sensors to optimize firewood combustion in low-power fireplaces Ojha, Binayak; Illyaskutty, Navas; Knoblauch, Jens Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-6-237-2017	journal	January 2017

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