Survival function analysis of planet size distribution with Gaia Data Release 2 updates

Zeng, Li; Jacobsen, Stein B.; Sasselov, Dimitar D.; Vanderburg, Andrew

doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1749

Title: Survival function analysis of planet size distribution with Gaia Data Release 2 updates

Journal Article · Mon Jul 02 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1749· OSTI ID:1614450

Zeng, Li ^[1]; Jacobsen, Stein B. ^[1]; Sasselov, Dimitar D. ^[2]; Vanderburg, Andrew ^[3]

Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712

Applying the survival function analysis to the planet radius distribution of the Kepler confirmed/candidate planets, we have identified two natural divisions of planet radius at 4 Earth radii (R⊕) and 10 R⊕. These divisions place constraints on planet formation and interior structure model. The division at 4 R⊕ separates small exoplanets from large exoplanets above. When combined with the recently discovered radius gap at 2 R⊕, it supports the treatment of planets in between 2 and 4 R⊕ as a separate group, likely water worlds. For planets around solar-type FGK main-sequence stars, we argue that 2 R⊕ is the separation between water-poor and water-rich planets, and 4 R⊕ is the separation between gas-poor and gas-rich planets. We confirm the slope of the survival function in between 4 and 10 R⊕ to be shallower compared to either ends, indicating a relative paucity of planets in between 4 and 10 R⊕, namely the sub-Saturnian desert there. We name them transitional planets, as they form a bridge between the gas-poor small planets and gas giants. Accordingly, we propose the following classification scheme: (<2 R⊕) rocky planets, (2–4 R⊕) water worlds, (4–10 R⊕) transitional planets, and (>10 R⊕) gas giants.

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Research Organization:: Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States); Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

DOE Contract Number:: NA0001804; NA0002937; NA0003525

OSTI ID:: 1614450

Journal Information:: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 479, Issue 4; ISSN 0035-8711

Publisher:: Royal Astronomical Society

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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