Measurement of Activation Volume for Creep of Dry Olivine at Upper-Mantle Conditions

Dixon, Nathaniel A.; Durham, William B.

doi:10.1029/2018jb015853

Measurement of Activation Volume for Creep of Dry Olivine at Upper-Mantle Conditions

Journal Article · Tue Sep 04 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jb015853· OSTI ID:1609770

Dixon, Nathaniel A. ^[1]; ^[2]

Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States); Apple Inc., Cupertino CA (United States); DOE/OSTI
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

Olivine is the most abundant and among the weakest phases in Earth's upper mantle, and thus, its rheological properties play a critical role in governing thermal structure and convective flow in the upper mantle. A persistent obstacle to constraining the in situ flow properties of olivine by laboratory experiment has been the difficulty in resolving the effect of pressure, which is weak within the 0- to ~2-GPa pressure range of conventional laboratory deformation instruments but potentially strong over the 1- to ~14-GPa range of the upper mantle. Using a deformation-DIA, one of a new generation of bonafide deformation devices designed for operation to ≥10 GPa, we have deformed dry, polycrystalline San Carlos olivine in high-temperature creep with the singular intent of providing the best achievable measurement of activation volume V* and a comprehensive statement of uncertainty. Under strictly dry conditions, at constant temperature (1,373 K) and strain rate (1 × 10^-5 s^-1), varying only pressure (1.8 to 8.8 GPa), we measure V* = 15 ± 5 cm³/mol. We have reproduced the well-known mechanism change from [100]-slip to [001]-slip near 5 GPa and determined that, whatever the change in V* associated with the change in slip system, the effective value of 15 ± 5 cm3/mol is still accurate for modeling purposes in the 2- to 9-GPa pressure range. This is a substantial pressure effect, which in the absence of a temperature gradient would represent a viscosity increase from the top to bottom of the upper mantle of 5 ± 2 orders of magnitude.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-07ER15839

OSTI ID:: 1609770

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1476971

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth, Journal Name: Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 123; ISSN 2169-9313

Publisher:: American Geophysical UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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58 GEOSCIENCES
D‐DIA deformation‐DIA
Geochemistry & Geophysics
San Carlos olivine
activation volume
high‐temperature creep
stress measurement
synchrotron

Measurement of Activation Volume for Creep of Dry Olivine at Upper-Mantle Conditions

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References (51)

Cited By (6)

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