Observations regarding inclusions in the growth of $\mathrm{Cs}$2$\mathrm{HfCl}$6 single crystal scintillators

Delzer, C.; Zhuravleva, M.; Stand, L.; Melcher, C.; Cherepy, N.; Payne, S.; Sanner, R.; Hayward, J. P.

doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2019.125336

Observations regarding inclusions in the growth of $$\mathrm{Cs}$$₂$$\mathrm{HfCl}$$₆ single crystal scintillators

Journal Article · Wed Nov 04 00:00:00 EST 2020 · Journal of Crystal Growth

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2019.125336· OSTI ID:1606259

Delzer, C. ^[1]; Zhuravleva, M. ^[2]; Stand, L. ^[2]; Melcher, C. ^[2]; Cherepy, N. ^[3]; Payne, S. ^[3]; Sanner, R. ^[3]; Hayward, J. P. ^[4]

University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); UC Berkeley
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

Cs₂HfCl₆ (CHC) is a promising high density, high-Z, non-hygroscopic, and high energy resolution scintillator. In CHC, many crystals have CsCl inclusions that form during growth. In this paper, we investigate how material synthesis, growth rate, and thermal gradient affect the formation of CsCl inclusions and their effect on scintillation performance. First, precursor material was made through a methanol synthesis process both with and without hydrochlorination. Next, five crystals were grown using Bridgman method, at growth rates of 1 or 0.5 mm/h, and thermal gradients of 21 °C or 34 °C per millimeter. The best overall performance was observed in a 22 mm diameter crystal produced using hydrochlorination which was grown at 1 mm/h in a thermal gradient of 34 °C per millimeter. It had a light yield of 36,000 photons/MeV and an energy resolution of 4.0% at 662 keV. Finally, we have also shown that poorer scintillation performance in the lower quality crystals is most likely due to reduced light collection caused by a higher concentration of inclusions.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0000979; NA0003180

OSTI ID:: 1606259

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1644318
OSTI ID: 1775935

Journal Information:: Journal of Crystal Growth, Journal Name: Journal of Crystal Growth Journal Issue: C Vol. 531; ISSN 0022-0248

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Observations regarding inclusions in the growth of $$\mathrm{Cs}$$2$$\mathrm{HfCl}$$6 single crystal scintillators

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Observations regarding inclusions in the growth of $$\mathrm{Cs}$$₂$$\mathrm{HfCl}$$₆ single crystal scintillators