Cost Reduction of School Bus Fleet Electrification With Optimized Charging and Distributed Energy Resources: Preprint

Conference · Wed Mar 18 04:00:00 EDT 2020

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS46351.2019.9000330· OSTI ID:1606115

Becker, William L ^[1]; Miller, Eric S ^[1]; Mishra, Partha P ^[1]; Jain, Rishabh ^[1]; Olis, Daniel R ^[1]; Li, Xiangkun ^[1]

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1. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Considerations for electrifying school buses are presented with an analysis of battery sizing to match bus driving requirements. The charging and vehicle-to-building dispatch of the electric school buses were optimized to evaluate the potential to reduce the impact of the bus charging on the school's electric utility bill. Distributed energy resources (DER) and flexible building loads were also considered with the school bus electrification to evaluate the further reduction in energy costs with enhanced system integration and optimized dispatch. The effect of degradation on the school bus batteries was analyzed to determine if the smart charging and vehicle-to-building battery operation decreases the life of the battery. The results show that there is an opportunity to mitigate the increase of electric utility bills with improved charging controls and bi-directionally operating the school bus batteries to reduce building demand charges. The battery degradation analysis using dispatch with optimized charging and discharging shows acceptable battery life.

• Research Organization: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); Eaton Corporation
• DOE Contract Number: AC36-08GO28308
• OSTI ID: 1606115
• Report Number(s): NREL/CP-7A40-74187
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY
distributed energy resources
electric vehicles
electrification
optimization
smart charging
vehicle-to-grid