Resolving spatial and energetic distributions of trap states in metal halide perovskite solar cells

Ni, Zhenyi; Bao, Chunxiong; Liu, Ye; Jiang, Qi; Wu, Wu-Qiang; Chen, Shangshang; Dai, Xuezeng; Chen, Bo; Hartweg, Barry; Yu, Zhengshan; Holman, Zachary; Huang, Jinsong

doi:10.1126/science.aba0893

Resolving spatial and energetic distributions of trap states in metal halide perovskite solar cells

Journal Article · Thu Mar 19 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba0893· OSTI ID:1605511

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]; Dai, Xuezeng ^[1]; Chen, Bo ^[1]; ^[4]; ^[4]; ^[4]; ^[3]

Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.; Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.

We report the profiling of spatial and energetic distributions of trap states in metal halide perovskite single-crystalline and polycrystalline solar cells. The trap densities in single crystals varied by five orders of magnitude, with a lowest value of 2 × 10¹¹per cubic centimeter and most of the deep traps located at crystal surfaces. The charge trap densities of all depths of the interfaces of the polycrystalline films were one to two orders of magnitude greater than that of the film interior, and the trap density at the film interior was still two to three orders of magnitude greater than that in high-quality single crystals. Suprisingly, after surface passivation, most deep traps were detected near the interface of perovskites and hole transport layers, where a large density of nanocrystals were embedded, limiting the efficiency of solar cells.

View Journal Article

Research Organization:: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Semiconductors for Energy (CHOISE); Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Solar Energy Technologies Office; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0008749

OSTI ID:: 1605511

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1617435
OSTI ID: 1894676
OSTI ID: 1695590

Journal Information:: Science, Journal Name: Science Journal Issue: 6484 Vol. 367; ISSN 0036-8075

Publisher:: AAASCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (39)

The Role of Sulfur in Solution-Processed Cu ₂ ZnSn(S,Se) ₄ and its Effect on Defect Properties Duan, Hsin-Sheng; Yang, Wenbing; Bob, Brion Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201201732	journal	October 2012
Trap-Assisted Non-Radiative Recombination in Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells Wetzelaer, Gert-Jan A. H.; Scheepers, Max; Sempere, Araceli Miquel Advanced Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201405372	journal	February 2015
Compositional Engineering for Thermally Stable, Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Exceeding 20% Power Conversion Efficiency with 85 °C/85% 1000 h Stability Matsui, Taisuke; Yamamoto, Teruaki; Nishihara, Takashi Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201806823	journal	January 2019
Predicting the Open-Circuit Voltage of CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃ Perovskite Solar Cells Using Electroluminescence and Photovoltaic Quantum Efficiency Spectra: the Role of Radiative and Non-Radiative Recombination Tress, Wolfgang; Marinova, Nevena; Inganäs, Olle Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201400812	journal	September 2014
Mapping Electric Field-Induced Switchable Poling and Structural Degradation in Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskite Thin Films Leijtens, Tomas; Hoke, Eric T.; Grancini, Giulia Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201500962	journal	September 2015
Understanding the Role of Cesium and Rubidium Additives in Perovskite Solar Cells: Trap States, Charge Transport, and Recombination Hu, Yinghong; Hutter, Eline M.; Rieder, Philipp Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201703057	journal	January 2018
Self-Regulation Mechanism for Charged Point Defects in Hybrid Halide Perovskites Walsh, Aron; Scanlon, David O.; Chen, Shiyou Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 54, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201409740	journal	December 2014
Schottky-barrier capacitance measurements for deep level impurity determination Bleicher, M.; Lange, E. Solid-State Electronics, Vol. 16, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-1101(73)90012-9	journal	March 1973
Modelling polycrystalline semiconductor solar cells Burgelman, M.; Nollet, P.; Degrave, S. Thin Solid Films, Vol. 361-362 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6090(99)00825-1	journal	February 2000
Perovskite solar cells: an emerging photovoltaic technology Park, Nam-Gyu Materials Today, Vol. 18, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2014.07.007	journal	March 2015
Impacts of Ion Segregation on Local Optical Properties in Mixed Halide Perovskite Films Hentz, Olivia; Zhao, Zhibo; Gradečak, Silvija Nano Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b05181	journal	January 2016
Defect Tolerance in Methylammonium Lead Triiodide Perovskite Steirer, K. Xerxes; Schulz, Philip; Teeter, Glenn ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 1, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00196	journal	July 2016
Band Tailing and Deep Defect States in CH ₃ NH ₃ Pb(I _{1– x} Br _x ) ₃ Perovskites As Revealed by Sub-Bandgap Photocurrent Sutter-Fella, Carolin M.; Miller, D. Westley; Ngo, Quynh P. ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00727	journal	February 2017
Charge-Carrier Mobilities in Metal Halide Perovskites: Fundamental Mechanisms and Limits Herz, Laura M. ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00276	journal	June 2017
Deep Defect States in Wide-Band-Gap ABX ₃ Halide Perovskites Levine, Igal; Vera, Omar Garcia; Kulbak, Michael ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 4, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.9b00709	journal	April 2019
Single-Crystal MAPbI ₃ Perovskite Solar Cells Exceeding 21% Power Conversion Efficiency Chen, Zhaolai; Turedi, Bekir; Alsalloum, Abdullah Y. ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 4, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.9b00847	journal	May 2019
Origin and elimination of photocurrent hysteresis by fullerene passivation in CH3NH3PbI3 planar heterojunction solar cells Shao, Yuchuan; Xiao, Zhengguo; Bi, Cheng Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6784	journal	December 2014
Ionic transport in hybrid lead iodide perovskite solar cells Eames, Christopher; Frost, Jarvist M.; Barnes, Piers R. F. Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8497	journal	June 2015
Defects in perovskite-halides and their effects in solar cells Ball, James M.; Petrozza, Annamaria Nature Energy, Vol. 1, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2016.149	journal	October 2016
Thin single crystal perovskite solar cells to harvest below-bandgap light absorption Chen, Zhaolai; Dong, Qingfeng; Liu, Ye Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02039-5	journal	December 2017
Dynamic shortening of disorder potentials in anharmonic halide perovskites Gehrmann, Christian; Egger, David A. Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11087-y	journal	July 2019
Enhancing electron diffusion length in narrow-bandgap perovskites for efficient monolithic perovskite tandem solar cells Yang, Zhibin; Yu, Zhenhua; Wei, Haotong Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12513-x	journal	October 2019
Surface passivation of perovskite film for efficient solar cells Jiang, Qi; Zhao, Yang; Zhang, Xingwang Nature Photonics, Vol. 13, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-019-0398-2	journal	April 2019
Heterogeneity at multiple length scales in halide perovskite semiconductors Tennyson, Elizabeth M.; Doherty, Tiarnan A. S.; Stranks, Samuel D. Nature Reviews Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-019-0125-0	journal	July 2019
Large fill-factor bilayer iodine perovskite solar cells fabricated by a low-temperature solution-process Wang, Qi; Shao, Yuchuan; Dong, Qingfeng Energy Environ. Sci., Vol. 7, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4EE00233D	journal	January 2014
Reversible photo-induced trap formation in mixed-halide hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics Hoke, Eric T.; Slotcavage, Daniel J.; Dohner, Emma R. Chemical Science, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4SC03141E	journal	January 2015
A micron-scale laminar MAPbBr ₃ single crystal for an efficient and stable perovskite solar cell Rao, Hua-Shang; Chen, Bai-Xue; Wang, Xu-Dong Chemical Communications, Vol. 53, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CC02447A	journal	January 2017
Defects in metal triiodide perovskite materials towards high-performance solar cells: origin, impact, characterization, and engineering Ran, Chenxin; Xu, Jiantie; Gao, Weiyin Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 47, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CS00868F	journal	January 2018
Imperfections and their passivation in halide perovskite solar cells Chen, Bo; Rudd, Peter N.; Yang, Shuang Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 48, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CS00853A	journal	January 2019
High performance ambient-air-stable FAPbI ₃ perovskite solar cells with molecule-passivated Ruddlesden–Popper/3D heterostructured film Niu, Tianqi; Lu, Jing; Tang, Ming-Chun Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 11, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE02542H	journal	January 2018
Deep levels, charge transport and mixed conductivity in organometallic halide perovskites Musiienko, Artem; Moravec, Pavel; Grill, Roman Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 12, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/C9EE00311H	journal	January 2019
Bulk and metastable defects in CuIn1−xGaxSe2 thin films using drive-level capacitance profiling Heath, Jennifer T.; Cohen, J. David; Shafarman, William N. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 95, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1633982	journal	February 2004
Unusual defect physics in CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃ perovskite solar cell absorber Yin, Wan-Jian; Shi, Tingting; Yan, Yanfa Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4864778	journal	February 2014
Drive‐level capacitance profiling: Its application to determining gap state densities in hydrogenated amorphous silicon films Michelson, C. E.; Gelatos, A. V.; Cohen, J. D. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 47, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.96129	journal	August 1985
Stabilization of Ternary Compounds via Ordered Arrays of Defect Pairs Zhang, S. B.; Wei, Su-Huai; Zunger, Alex Physical Review Letters, Vol. 78, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.4059	journal	May 1997
Bilateral alkylamine for suppressing charge recombination and improving stability in blade-coated perovskite solar cells Wu, Wu-Qiang; Yang, Zhibin; Rudd, Peter N. Science Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav8925	journal	March 2019
Low trap-state density and long carrier diffusion in organolead trihalide perovskite single crystals Shi, D.; Adinolfi, V.; Comin, R. Science, Vol. 347, Issue 6221 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa2725	journal	January 2015
Electron-hole diffusion lengths > 175 μm in solution-grown CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃ single crystals Dong, Qingfeng; Fang, Yanjun; Shao, Yuchuan Science, Vol. 347, Issue 6225 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa5760	journal	January 2015
Stabilizing halide perovskite surfaces for solar cell operation with wide-bandgap lead oxysalts Yang, Shuang; Chen, Shangshang; Mosconi, Edoardo Science, Vol. 365, Issue 6452 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax3294	journal	August 2019

Similar Records

Related Subjects

14 SOLAR ENERGY

Resolving spatial and energetic distributions of trap states in metal halide perovskite solar cells

Citation Formats

References (39)

Similar Records

Related Subjects