Engineering Two-Phase and Three-Phase Microstructures from Water-Based Dispersions of Nanoparticles for Eco-Friendly Polymer Solar Cell Applications

Holmes, Natalie P.; Marks, Melissa; Cave, James M.; Feron, Krishna; Barr, Matthew G.; Fahy, Adam; Sharma, Anirudh; Pan, Xun; Kilcoyne, David A.  L.; Zhou, Xiaojing; Lewis, David A.; Andersson, Mats R.; van Stam, Jan; Walker, Alison B.; Moons, Ellen; Belcher, Warwick J.; Dastoor, Paul C.

doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b03222

Title: Engineering Two-Phase and Three-Phase Microstructures from Water-Based Dispersions of Nanoparticles for Eco-Friendly Polymer Solar Cell Applications

Journal Article · Fri Aug 17 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Chemistry of Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b03222· OSTI ID:1604651

^[1]; Marks, Melissa ^[2]; Cave, James M. ^[3]; Feron, Krishna ^[2]; Barr, Matthew G. ^[2]; Fahy, Adam ^[2];

^[4]; Pan, Xun ^[5]; Kilcoyne, David A. L. ^[6]; Zhou, Xiaojing ^[2]; Lewis, David A. ^[5];

^[5];

^[7];

^[3]; Moons, Ellen ^[7]; Belcher, Warwick J. ^[2]; Dastoor, Paul C. ^[2]

Univ. of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (Australia); Karlstad Univ. (Sweden)
Univ. of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW (Australia)
Univ. of Bath (United Kingdom)
Flinders Univ., Adelaide, SA (Australia); Univ. of Bordeaux, Pessac (France)
Flinders Univ., Adelaide, SA (Australia)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS)
Karlstad Univ. (Sweden)

Nanoparticle organic photovoltaics, a subfield of organic photovoltaics (OPV), has attracted increasing interest in recent years due to the eco-friendly fabrication of solar modules afforded by colloidal ink technology. Importantly, using this approach it is now possible to engineer the microstructure of the light absorbing/charge generating layer of organic photovoltaics; decoupling film morphology from film deposition. In this study, single-component nanoparticles of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and phenyl-C₆₁ butyric acid methyl ester (PC₆₁BM) were synthesized and used to generate a two-phase microstructure with control over domain size prior to film deposition. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) and electron microscopy were used to characterize the thin film morphology. Uniquely, the measured microstructure was a direct input for a nanoscopic kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) model allowing us to assess exciton transport properties that are experimentally inaccessible in these single-component particles. Photoluminescence, UV-vis spectroscopy measurements, and KMC results of the nanoparticle thin films enabled the calculation of an experimental exciton dissociation efficiency (η_ED) of 37% for the two-phase microstructure. The glass transition temperature (T_g) of the materials was characterized with dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and thermal annealing led to an increase in ηED to 64% due to an increase in donor-acceptor interfaces in the thin film from both sintering of neighboring opposite-type particles in addition to the generation of a third mixed phase from diffusion of PC₆₁BM into amorphous P3HT domains. Finally, this study demonstrates the higher level of control over donor-acceptor film morphology enabled by customizing nanoparticulate colloidal inks, where the optimal three-phase film morphology for an OPV photoactive layer can be designed and engineered.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); Karlstad University; Commonwealth of Austrlia

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1604651

Journal Information:: Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 18; ISSN 0897-4756

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 21 works

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