A Mechanistic Understanding of Nonclassical Crystal Growth in Hydrothermally Synthesized Sodium Yttrium Fluoride Nanowires

Bard, Alexander B.; Zhou, Xuezhe; Xia, Xiaojing; Zhu, Guomin; Lim, Matthew B.; Kim, Seung Min; Johnson, Matthew C.; Kollman, Justin M.; Marcus, Matthew A.; Spurgeon, Steven R.; Perea, Daniel E.; Devaraj, Arun; Chun, Jaehun; De Yoreo, James J.; Pauzauskie, Peter J.

doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b04076

A Mechanistic Understanding of Nonclassical Crystal Growth in Hydrothermally Synthesized Sodium Yttrium Fluoride Nanowires

Journal Article · Wed Feb 26 04:00:00 EST 2020 · Chemistry of Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b04076· OSTI ID:1602835

^[1]; Zhou, Xuezhe ^[1]; ^[1]; Zhu, Guomin ^[2]; ^[1]; Kim, Seung Min ^[3]; Johnson, Matthew C. ^[1]; Kollman, Justin M. ^[1]; Marcus, Matthew A. ^[4]; ^[5]; ^[6]; ^[5]; ^[5]; ^[2]; ^[7]

Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
Korea Inst. of Science and Technology, Jeonbuk (Republic of Korea)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS)
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Environmental Molecular Sciences Lab. (EMSL)
Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States); Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sodium yttrium fluoride (NaYF₄) is an important upconverting material with many potential uses in chemistry, materials science, and biology, which can be synthesized hydrothermally in both cubic (α) and hexagonal (β) crystallographic polymorphs. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the phase conversion between the cubic and hexagonal polymorphs is of great interest to help inform future synthetic efforts, for example in the design of atomically precise quantum materials with well-defined sizes and morphologies. In this work, we use a combination of analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), in situ liquid cell TEM, atom probe tomography (APT), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements to show that the hexagonal NaYF₄ nanowires form through a nonclassical crystal growth mechanism involving the formation and subsequent oriented attachment of mesocrystals consisting of cubic (α) phase units. Additionally, EXAFS measurements suggest that substitutional Yb³⁺ point defects within NaYF₄ are distributed evenly throughout the crystal lattice without clustering and also that they may exhibit selective substitution into one of the two possible trivalent yttrium sites in the unit cell for hydrothermally synthesized β-NaYF₄.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER) (SC-23); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830; AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1602835

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1638492

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA--147967

Journal Information:: Chemistry of Materials, Journal Name: Chemistry of Materials Journal Issue: 7 Vol. 32; ISSN 0897-4756

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Comment on “A Mechanistic Understanding of Nonclassical Crystal Growth in Hydrothermally Synthesized Sodium Yttrium Fluoride Nanowires” Fedorov, Pavel P. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 33, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c01515	journal	May 2021
Reply to Comment on “A Mechanistic Understanding of Nonclassical Crystal Growth in Hydrothermally Synthesized Sodium Yttrium Fluoride Nanowires” Bard, Alexander B.; Zhou, Xuezhe; Xia, Xiaojing Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 33, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c04469	journal	May 2021

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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Crystal structure
Crystallization
Nanoparticles
Nanowires
Transmission electron microscopy

A Mechanistic Understanding of Nonclassical Crystal Growth in Hydrothermally Synthesized Sodium Yttrium Fluoride Nanowires

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