Empirical Evidence for the Potential Climate Benefits of Decarbonizing Light Vehicle Transport in the U.S. with Bioenergy from Purpose-Grown Biomass with and without BECCS

Gelfand, Ilya; Hamilton, Stephen K.; Kravchenko, Alexandra N.; Jackson, Randall D.; Thelen, Kurt D.; Robertson, G. Philip

doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b07019

Title: Empirical Evidence for the Potential Climate Benefits of Decarbonizing Light Vehicle Transport in the U.S. with Bioenergy from Purpose-Grown Biomass with and without BECCS

Journal Article · Thu Feb 13 00:00:00 EST 2020 · Environmental Science and Technology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b07019· OSTI ID:1602764

^[1]; Hamilton, Stephen K. ^[2]; Kravchenko, Alexandra N. ^[3]; Jackson, Randall D. ^[4]; Thelen, Kurt D. ^[3]; Robertson, G. Philip ^[5]

Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center; Ben-Gurion Univ. of the Negev, Beer-Sheva (Israel). The French Associates Inst. for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, and The Jacob Blaustein Inst. for Desert Research
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, W.K. Kellogg Biological Station; Cary Inst. of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY (United States)
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, W.K. Kellogg Biological Station

Climate mitigation scenarios limiting global temperature increases to 1.5 °C rely on decarbonizing vehicle transport with bioenergy production plus carbon capture and storage (BECCS), but climate impacts for producing different bioenergy feedstocks have not been directly compared experimentally or for ethanol vs electric light-duty vehicles. A field experiment at two Midwest U.S. sites on contrasting soils revealed that feedstock yields of seven potential bioenergy cropping systems varied substantially within sites but little between. Bioenergy produced per hectare reflected yields: miscanthus > poplar > switchgrass > native grasses ≈ maize stover (residue) > restored prairie ≈ early successional. Greenhouse gas emission intensities for ethanol vehicles ranged from 20 to -179 g CO₂e MJ^–1: maize stover $$\gg$$ miscanthus ≈ switchgrass ≈ native grasses ≈ poplar > early successional ≥ restored prairie; direct climate benefits ranged from ~80% (stover) to 290% (restored prairie) reductions in CO₂e compared to petroleum and were similar for electric vehicles. With carbon capture and storage (CCS), reductions in emission intensities ranged from 204% (stover) to 416% (restored prairie) for ethanol vehicles and from 329 to 558% for electric vehicles, declining 27 and 15%, respectively, once soil carbon equilibrates within several decades of establishment. Extrapolation based on expected U.S. transportation energy use suggests that, once CCS potential is maximized with CO₂ pipeline infrastructure, negative emissions from bioenergy with CCS for light-duty electric vehicles could capture >900 Tg CO₂e year^–1 in the U.S. In the future, as other renewable electricity sources become more important, electricity production from biomass would offset less fossil fuel electricity, and the advantage of electric over ethanol vehicles would decrease proportionately.

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Research Organization:: Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: FC02-07ER64494; AC05-76RL01830; SC0018409

OSTI ID:: 1602764

Journal Information:: Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 54, Issue 5; ISSN 0013-936X

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 42 works

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Assessing the environmental sustainability of ethanol from integrated biorefineries Falano, Temitope; Jeswani, Harish K.; Azapagic, Adisa Biotechnology Journal, Vol. 9, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/biot.201300246	journal	February 2014
Climate Change 2013 – The Physical Science Basis https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324	book	March 2014

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