Direct Conversion of Biomass Carbohydrates to Platform Chemicals: 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and Furfural

Mittal, Ashutosh; Pilath, Heidi M.; Johnson, David K

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b04047

Title: Direct Conversion of Biomass Carbohydrates to Platform Chemicals: 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and Furfural

Journal Article · Sun Feb 16 00:00:00 EST 2020 · Energy and Fuels

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b04047· OSTI ID:1602687

^[1]; Pilath, Heidi M. ^[1];

^[1]

National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural are promising platform molecules which can be converted to fuel intermediates and hydrocarbon fuels. Herein, one-step, direct conversion of the carbohydrates in never treated biomass to HMF and furfural in a microwave reactor was investigated. The influence of reaction temperature, time, feedstock, addition of Lewis and Bronsted acids, solvent and solvent to aqueous ratio were studied to find the optimum process conditions to maximize the yields of furfurals. The reaction conditions of 200 degrees C for 5 min with 33 mM HCl and 8 mM AlCl₃ using a dioxane/water (4:1) miscible solvent system were found to be the most conducive for direct dehydration of the glucan and hemicelluloses present in untreated poplar wood to furfural and HMF in yields of 91 and 69%, respectively. Furfural could be easily produced in yields greater than 80%, and once formed, it was found to be stable under the various process conditions explored. In contrast, HMF yields varied with both reaction time and temperature, as it readily underwent rehydration to levulinic acid in yields approaching 25-30% at increased reaction severity. The additions of both Bronsted (HCl) and Lewis (AlCl₃) acids in catalytic amounts, i.e., 33 and 8 mM, respectively, were required to maximize the yield of furfurals. Reactions were also performed on other feedstocks (corn stover, switchgrass, loblolly pine, and pure cellulose) to investigate the effect of feedstock type on furfurals yields. Results showed that HMF and furfural yields were primarily dependent on hexosan and pentosan loading regardless of the type of feedstock. In addition, biomass physical features, such as crystallinity or the presence of other biomass constituents, such as lignin, had little influence on furfurals yields.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1602687

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-2700-74720; MainId:15206; UUID:4685d627-13c9-e911-9c26-ac162d87dfe5; MainAdminID:3684

Journal Information:: Energy and Fuels, Vol. 34, Issue 3; ISSN 0887-0624

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 45 works

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biomass
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Title: Direct Conversion of Biomass Carbohydrates to Platform Chemicals: 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and Furfural

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