Changes in peat chemistry associated with permafrost thaw increase greenhouse gas production

Hodgkins, Suzanne B.; Tfaily, Malak M.; McCalley, Carmody K.; Logan, Tyler A.; Crill, Patrick M.; Saleska, Scott R.; Rich, Virginia I.; Chanton, Jeffrey P.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1314641111

Title: Changes in peat chemistry associated with permafrost thaw increase greenhouse gas production

Journal Article · Mon Apr 07 00:00:00 EDT 2014 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1314641111· OSTI ID:1602275

Hodgkins, Suzanne B. ^[1]; Tfaily, Malak M. ^[1]; McCalley, Carmody K. ^[2]; Logan, Tyler A. ^[3]; Crill, Patrick M. ^[4]; Saleska, Scott R. ^[2]; Rich, Virginia I. ^[2]; Chanton, Jeffrey P. ^[1]

Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL (United States)
Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)
Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Abisko (Sweden). Abisko Scientific Research Station
Stockholm Univ. (Sweden)

Carbon release due to permafrost thaw represents a potentially major positive climate change feedback. The magnitude of carbon loss and the proportion lost as methane (CH₄) vs. carbon dioxide (CO₂) depend on factors including temperature, mobilization of previously frozen carbon, hydrology, and changes in organic matter chemistry associated with environmental responses to thaw. While the first three of these effects are relatively well understood, the effect of organic matter chemistry remains largely unstudied. To address this gap, we examined the biogeochemistry of peat and dissolved organic matter (DOM) along a ~40-y permafrost thaw progression from recently- to fully thawed sites in Stordalen Mire (68.35°N, 19.05°E), a thawing peat plateau in northern Sweden. Thaw-induced subsidence and the resulting inundation along this progression led to succession in vegetation types accompanied by an evolution in organic matter chemistry. Peat C/N ratios decreased whereas humification rates increased, and DOM shifted toward lower molecular weight compounds with lower aromaticity, lower organic oxygen content, and more abundant microbially produced compounds. Corresponding changes in decomposition along this gradient included increasing CH₄ and CO₂ production potentials, higher relative CH₄/CO₂ ratios, and a shift in CH₄ production pathway from CO₂ reduction to acetate cleavage. These results imply that subsidence and thermokarst-associated increases in organic matter lability cause shifts in biogeochemical processes toward faster decomposition with an increasing proportion of carbon released as CH₄. This impact of permafrost thaw on organic matter chemistry could intensify the predicted climate feedbacks of increasing temperatures, permafrost carbon mobilization, and hydrologic changes.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0004632; ER65245

OSTI ID:: 1602275

Journal Information:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 111, Issue 16; ISSN 0027-8424

Publisher:: National Academy of SciencesCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 232 works

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Lichens: A limit to peat growth? Harris, Lorna I.; Moore, Tim R.; Roulet, Nigel T. Journal of Ecology, Vol. 106, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12975	journal	April 2018
Near-surface permafrost aggradation in Northern Hemisphere peatlands shows regional and global trends during the past 6000 years Treat, Claire C.; Jones, Miriam C. The Holocene, Vol. 28, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683617752858	journal	January 2018
Genome-centric view of carbon processing in thawing permafrost Woodcroft, Ben J.; Singleton, Caitlin M.; Boyd, Joel A. Nature, Vol. 560, Issue 7716 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0338-1	journal	July 2018
The ecology of methane in streams and rivers: patterns, controls, and global significance Stanley, Emily H.; Casson, Nora J.; Christel, Samuel T. Ecological Monographs, Vol. 86, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1890/15-1027	journal	May 2016
Dissolved organic matter and inorganic N jointly regulate greenhouse gases fluxes from forest soils with different moistures during a freeze-thaw period Wu, Haohao; Xingkai, Xu; Cheng, Weiguo Taylor & Francis https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.9907364	text	January 2019
Climate-driven shifts in sediment chemistry enhance methane production in northern lakes Emilson, E. J. S.; Carson, M. A.; Yakimovich, K. M. Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04236-2	journal	May 2018
Ecosystem carbon response of an Arctic peatland to simulated permafrost thaw Voigt, Carolina; Marushchak, Maija E.; Mastepanov, Mikhail Global Change Biology, Vol. 25, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14574	journal	February 2019
Winter precipitation and snow accumulation drive the methane sink or source strength of Arctic tussock tundra Blanc-Betes, Elena; Welker, Jeffrey M.; Sturchio, Neil C. Global Change Biology, Vol. 22, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13242	journal	May 2016
Anaerobic methanotrophic communities thrive in deep submarine permafrost Winkel, Matthias; Mitzscherling, Julia; Overduin, Pier P. Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-19505-9	journal	January 2018
Dynamics of greenhouse gas emission induced by different burrowing activities of fossorial vertebrates in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau alpine meadow ecosystem Zhou, Yan; Jing, Lei; Jiao, Shengwu International Journal of Biometeorology, Vol. 64, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-019-01802-1	journal	October 2019
The ecology of methane in streams and rivers: patterns, controls, and global significance Stanley, Emily H.; Casson, Nora J.; Christel, Samuel T. Ecological Monographs https://doi.org/10.1890/15-1027.1	journal	December 2015
Redox and temperature-sensitive changes in microbial communities and soil chemistry dictate greenhouse gas loss from thawed permafrost Ernakovich, Jessica G.; Lynch, Laurel M.; Brewer, Paul E. Biogeochemistry, Vol. 134, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-017-0354-5	journal	July 2017
Strong geologic methane emissions from discontinuous terrestrial permafrost in the Mackenzie Delta, Canada Kohnert, Katrin; Serafimovich, Andrei; Metzger, Stefan Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05783-2	journal	July 2017
Carbon Chemistry of Intact Versus Chronically Drained Peatlands in the Southeastern USA Stricker, C. A.; Drexler, J. Z.; Thorn, K. A. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Vol. 124, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jg005079	journal	September 2019
Photochemical alteration of organic carbon draining permafrost soils shifts microbial metabolic pathways and stimulates respiration Ward, Collin P.; Nalven, Sarah G.; Crump, Byron C. Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00759-2	journal	October 2017
Canadian permafrost stores large pools of ammonium and optically distinct dissolved organic matter Fouché, J.; Christiansen, C. T.; Lafrenière, M. J. Nature Communications, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18331-w	journal	September 2020
Key evidence of the role of desertification in protecting the underlying permafrost in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Xie, Shengbo; Qu, Jianjun; Lai, Yuanming Scientific Reports, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep15152	journal	October 2015
Impact of Warming on Greenhouse Gas Production and Microbial Diversity in Anoxic Peat From a Sphagnum-Dominated Bog (Grand Rapids, Minnesota, United States) Kolton, Max; Marks, Ansley; Wilson, Rachel M. Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 10 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00870	journal	April 2019
Implication of Viral Infections for Greenhouse Gas Dynamics in Freshwater Wetlands: Challenges and Perspectives Bonetti, Giuditta; Trevathan-Tackett, Stacey M.; Carnell, Paul E. Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 10 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01962	journal	August 2019
Methane Production in Soil Environments—Anaerobic Biogeochemistry and Microbial Life between Flooding and Desiccation Conrad, Ralf Microorganisms, Vol. 8, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060881	journal	June 2020
Dissolved organic carbon and major and trace elements in peat porewater of sporadic, discontinuous, and continuous permafrost zones of western Siberia Raudina, Tatiana V.; Loiko, Sergey V.; Lim, Artyom G. Biogeosciences, Vol. 14, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3561-2017	journal	July 2017
Acetate turnover and methanogenic pathways in Amazonian lake sediments Conrad, Ralf; Klose, Melanie; Enrich-Prast, Alex Biogeosciences Discussions https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-411	posted_content	October 2019
Environmental correlates of peatland carbon fluxes in a thawing landscape: do transitional thaw stages matter? Malhotra, A.; Roulet, N. T. Biogeosciences Discussions, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-445-2015	journal	January 2015

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