Theory of dark matter superfluidity

Berezhiani, Lasha; Khoury, Justin

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.92.103510

Title: Theory of dark matter superfluidity

Journal Article · Mon Nov 09 00:00:00 EST 2015 · Physical Review. D, Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.92.103510· OSTI ID:1600968

Berezhiani, Lasha ^[1]; Khoury, Justin ^[1]

Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (United States)

We introduce a novel theory of dark matter (DM) superfluidity that matches the successes of the $Λ$ cold dark matter ( $Λ CDM$ ) model on cosmological scales while simultaneously reproducing the modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) phenomenology on galactic scales. The DM and MOND components have a common origin, representing different phases of a single underlying substance. DM consists of axionlike particles with mass of order eV and strong self-interactions. The condensate has a polytropic equation of state $P ~ ρ^{3}$ giving rise to a superfluid core within galaxies. Instead of behaving as individual collisionless particles, the DM superfluid is more aptly described as collective excitations. Superfluid phonons, specifically, are assumed to be governed by a MOND-like effective action and mediate a MONDian acceleration between baryonic matter particles. Our framework naturally distinguishes between galaxies (where MOND is successful) and galaxy clusters (where MOND is not); due to the higher velocity dispersion in clusters, and correspondingly higher temperature, the DM in clusters is either in a mixture of superfluid and the normal phase or fully in the normal phase. The rich and well-studied physics of superfluidity leads to a number of observational signatures: an array of low-density vortices in galaxies; merger dynamics that depend on the infall velocity vs phonon sound speed; distinct mass peaks in bulletlike cluster mergers, corresponding to superfluid and normal components; and interference patters in supercritical mergers. Remarkably, the superfluid phonon effective theory is strikingly similar to that of the unitary Fermi gas, which has attracted much excitement in the cold atom community in recent years. The critical temperature for DM superfluidity is of order mK, comparable to known cold atom Bose–Einstein condensates. Identifying a precise cold atom analog would give important insights on the microphysical interactions underlying DM superfluidity. Tantalizingly, it might open the possibility of simulating the properties and dynamics of galaxies in laboratory experiments.

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Research Organization:: Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0007968

OSTI ID:: 1600968

Journal Information:: Physical Review. D, Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology, Vol. 92, Issue 10; ISSN 1550-7998

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 178 works

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Dwarf Galaxy Planes: the discovery of symmetric structures in the Local Group Pawlowski, Marcel S.; Kroupa, Pavel; Jerjen, Helmut arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1307.6210	text	January 2013
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The Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation McGaugh, Stacy; Schombert, Jim; Bothun, Greg arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0003001	text	January 2000
Limits on Collisional Dark Matter from Elliptical Galaxies in Clusters Gnedin, Oleg Y.; Ostriker, Jeremiah P. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0010436	text	January 2000
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Observational evidence for self-interacting cold dark matter Spergel, David N.; Steinhardt, Paul J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9909386	text	January 1999
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