The Qweak experimental apparatus

Allison, T.; Anderson, M.; Androić, D.; Armstrong, D. S.; Asaturyan, A.; Averett, T.; Averill, R.; Balewski, J.; Beaufait, J.; Beminiwattha, R. S.; Benesch, J.; Benmokhtar, F.; Bessuille, J.; Birchall, J.; Bonnell, E.; Bowman, J. D.; Brindza, P.; Brown, D. B.; Carlini, R. D.; Cates, G. D.; Cavness, B.; Clark, G.; Cornejo, J. C.; Dusa, S. Covrig; Dalton, M. M.; Davis, C. A.; Dean, D. C.; Deconinck, W.; Diefenbach, J.; Dow, K.; Dowd, J. F.; Dunne, J. A.; Dutta, D.; Duvall, W. S.; Echols, J. R.; Elaasar, M.; Falk, W. R.; Finelli, K. D.; Finn, J. M.; Gaskell, D.; Gericke, M. T. W.; Grames, J.; Gray, V. M.; Grimm, K.; Guo, F.; Hansknecht, J.; Harrison, D. J.; Henderson, E.; Hoskins, J. R.; Ihloff, E.; Johnston, K.; Jones, D.; Jones, M.; Jones, R.; Kargiantoulakis, M.; Kelsey, J.; Khan, N.; King, P. M.; Korkmaz, E.; Kowalski, S.; Kubera, A.; Leacock, J.; Leckey, J. P.; Lee, A. R.; Lee, J. H.; Lee, L.; Liang, Y.; MacEwan, S.; Mack, D.; Magee, J. A.; Mahurin, R.; Mammei, J.; Martin, J. W.; McCreary, A.; McDonald, M. H.; McHugh, M. J.; Medeiros, P.; Meekins, D.; Mei, J.; Michaels, R.; Micherdzinska, A.; Mkrtchyan, A.; Mkrtchyan, H.; Morgan, N.; Musson, J.; Mesick, K. E.; Narayan, A.; Ndukum, L. Z.; Nelyubin, V.; Nuruzzaman,; van Oers, W. T. H.; Opper, A. K.; Page, S. A.; Pan, J.; Paschke, K. D.; Phillips, S. K.; Pitt, M. L.; Poelker, M.; Rajotte, J. F.; Ramsay, W. D.; Roberts, W. R.; Roche, J.; Rose, P. W.; Sawatzky, B.; Seva, T.; Shabestari, M. H.; Silwal, R.; Simicevic, N.; Smith, G. R.; Sobczynski, S.; Solvignon, P.; Spayde, D. T.; Stokes, B.; Storey, D. W.; Subedi, A.; Subedi, R.; Suleiman, R.; Tadevosyan, V.; Tobias, W. A.; Tvaskis, V.; Urban, E.; Waidyawansa, B.; Wang, P.; Wells, S. P.; Wood, S. A.; Yang, S.; Zhamkochyan, S.; Zielinski, R. B.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2015.01.023

Title: The Q_weak experimental apparatus

Journal Article · Wed Jan 14 00:00:00 EST 2015 · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2015.01.023· OSTI ID:1599859

Allison, T.; Anderson, M.; Androić, D.; Armstrong, D. S.; Asaturyan, A.; Averett, T.; Averill, R.; Balewski, J.; Beaufait, J.; Beminiwattha, R. S.; Benesch, J.; Benmokhtar, F.; Bessuille, J.; Birchall, J.; Bonnell, E.; Bowman, J. D.; Brindza, P.; Brown, D. B.; Carlini, R. D.; Cates, G. D. more »

The Jefferson Lab $Q_{weak}$ experiment determined the weak charge of the proton by measuring the parity-violating elastic scattering asymmetry of longitudinally polarized electrons from an unpolarized liquid hydrogen target at small momentum transfer. A custom apparatus was created for this experiment to meet the technical challenges presented by the smallest and most precise $\vec{e} p$ asymmetry ever measured. Technical milestones were achieved at Jefferson Lab in target power, beam current, beam helicity reversal rate, polarimetry, detected rates, and control of helicity-correlated beam properties. The experiment employed 180 μA of 89% longitudinally polarized electrons whose helicity was reversed 960 times per second. The electrons were accelerated to 1.16 GeV and directed to a beamline with extensive instrumentation to measure helicity-correlated beam properties that can induce false asymmetries. Møller and Compton polarimetry were used to measure the electron beam polarization to better than 1%. The electron beam was incident on a 34.4 cm liquid hydrogen target. After passing through a triple collimator system, scattered electrons between 5.8° and 11.6° were bent in the toroidal magnetic field of a resistive copper-coil magnet. The electrons inside this acceptance were focused onto eight fused silica Cherenkov detectors arrayed symmetrically around the beam axis. A total scattered electron rate of about 7 GHz was incident on the detector array. The detectors were read out in integrating mode by custom-built low-noise pre-amplifiers and 18-bit sampling ADC modules. The momentum transfer Q²=0.025 GeV² was observed using dedicated low-current $(~ 100 pA)$ measurements with a set of drift chambers before (and a set of drift chambers and trigger scintillation counters after) the toroidal magnet

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Research Organization:: Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State, MS (United States); Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Canada Foundation for Innovation; National Science Foundation (NSF)

Contributing Organization:: The Qweak Collaboration

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-07ER41528; AC05-06OR23177; PHY-0320942, PHY-0321197; PHY-0320759; PHY-0320832

OSTI ID:: 1599859

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1246544

Journal Information:: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 781, Issue C; ISSN 0168-9002

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 26 works

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The P2 experiment: A future high-precision measurement of the weak mixing angle at low momentum transfer Becker, Dominik; Bucoveanu, Razvan; Grzesik, Carsten The European Physical Journal A, Vol. 54, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2018-12611-6	journal	November 2018
Precision measurement of the weak charge of the proton Nature, Vol. 557, Issue 7704, p. 207-211 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0096-0	journal	May 2018
The P2 Experiment - A future high-precision measurement of the electroweak mixing angle at low momentum transfer Becker, Dominik; Bucoveanu, Razvan; Grzesik, Carsten arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1802.04759	text	January 2018
Precision Measurement of the Weak Charge of the Proton Androic, D.; Armstrong, D. S.; Asaturyan, A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1905.08283	text	January 2019

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46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Parity violation
Electron scattering
High luminosity
Liquid hydrogen target
Particle detectors

Title: The Qweak experimental apparatus

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Title: The Q_weak experimental apparatus