Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox and Quantum Entanglement at Subnucleonic Scales

Tu, Zhoudunming; Kharzeev, Dmitri E.; Ullrich, Thomas

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.062001

Title: Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox and Quantum Entanglement at Subnucleonic Scales

Journal Article · Fri Feb 14 00:00:00 EST 2020 · Physical Review Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.062001· OSTI ID:1599671

; Kharzeev, Dmitri E.;

In 1935, Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR) formulated an apparent paradox of quantum theory [Phys. Rev. 47, 777 (1935)]. They considered two quantum systems that were initially allowed to interact and were then later separated. A measurement of a physical observable performed on one system then had to have an immediate effect on the conjugate observable in the other system—even if the systems were causally disconnected. The authors viewed this as a clear indication of the inconsistency of quantum mechanics. In the parton model of the nucleon formulated by Bjorken, Feynman, and Gribov, the partons (quarks and gluons) are viewed by an external hard probe as independent. The standard argument is that, inside the nucleon boosted to an infinite-momentum frame, the parton probed by a virtual photon with virtuality Q is causally disconnected from the rest of the nucleon during the hard interaction. Yet, the parton and the rest of the nucleon have to form a color-singlet state due to color confinement and so have to be in strongly correlated quantum states—we thus encounter the EPR paradox at the subnucleonic scale. In this Letter, we propose a resolution of this paradox based on the quantum entanglement of partons. We devise an experimental test of entanglement and carry it out using data on proton-proton collisions from the Large Hadron Collider. Our results provide a strong direct indication of quantum entanglement at subnucleonic scales.

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704; FG-88ER40388; AC02-98CH10886; FG02-88ER40388

OSTI ID:: 1599671

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1524596; OSTI ID: 2280533

Report Number(s):: BNL-211737-2019-JAAM; PRLTAO; 062001

Journal Information:: Physical Review Letters, Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Vol. 124 Journal Issue: 6; ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 52 works

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