Toward a Reversible Calcium-Sulfur Battery with a Lithium-Ion Mediation Approach
Journal Article
·
· Advanced Energy Materials
- Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States). Materials Science and Engineering Program; Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States). Texas Materials Inst. (TMI); University of Texas at Austin
- Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States). McKetta Dept. of Chemical Engineering
- Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States). Materials Science and Engineering Program; Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States). Texas Materials Inst. (TMI)
Calcium represents a promising anode for the development of high-energy-density, low-cost batteries. Yet, a lack of suitable electrolytes has restricted the development of rechargeable batteries with a Ca anode. Furthermore, to achieve a high energy density system, sulfur would be an ideal cathode to couple with the Ca anode. Unfortunately, a reversible calcium-sulfur (Ca-S) battery has not yet been reported. Herein, a basic study of a reversible nonaqueous room-temperature Ca-S battery is presented. The reversibility of the Ca-S chemistry and high utilization of the sulfur cathode are enabled by employing a Li+-ion-mediated calcium-based electrolyte. Mechanistic insights pursued by spectroscopic, electrochemical, microscopic, and theoretical simulation (density functional theory) investigations imply that the Li+-ions in the Ca-electrolyte stimulate the reactivation of polysulfide/sulfide species. The coordination of lithium to sulfur reduces the formation of sturdy Ca-S ionic bonds, thus boosting the reversibility of the Ca-S chemistry. Furthermore, the presence of Li+-ions facilitates the ionic charge transfer both in the electrolyte and across the solid electrolyte interphase layer, consequently reducing the interfacial and bulk impedance of Ca-S batteries. As a result, both the utilization of active sulfur in the cathode and the discharge voltage of Ca-S batteries are significantly improved.
- Research Organization:
- Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- Robert A. Welch Foundation; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0005397
- OSTI ID:
- 1598280
- Alternate ID(s):
- OSTI ID: 1494846
- Journal Information:
- Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Energy Materials Journal Issue: 14 Vol. 9; ISSN 1614-6832
- Publisher:
- WileyCopyright Statement
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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