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Toward a Reversible Calcium-Sulfur Battery with a Lithium-Ion Mediation Approach

Journal Article · · Advanced Energy Materials
 [1];  [2];  [2];  [3]
  1. Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States). Materials Science and Engineering Program; Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States). Texas Materials Inst. (TMI); University of Texas at Austin
  2. Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States). McKetta Dept. of Chemical Engineering
  3. Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States). Materials Science and Engineering Program; Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States). Texas Materials Inst. (TMI)
Calcium represents a promising anode for the development of high-energy-density, low-cost batteries. Yet, a lack of suitable electrolytes has restricted the development of rechargeable batteries with a Ca anode. Furthermore, to achieve a high energy density system, sulfur would be an ideal cathode to couple with the Ca anode. Unfortunately, a reversible calcium-sulfur (Ca-S) battery has not yet been reported. Herein, a basic study of a reversible nonaqueous room-temperature Ca-S battery is presented. The reversibility of the Ca-S chemistry and high utilization of the sulfur cathode are enabled by employing a Li+-ion-mediated calcium-based electrolyte. Mechanistic insights pursued by spectroscopic, electrochemical, microscopic, and theoretical simulation (density functional theory) investigations imply that the Li+-ions in the Ca-electrolyte stimulate the reactivation of polysulfide/sulfide species. The coordination of lithium to sulfur reduces the formation of sturdy Ca-S ionic bonds, thus boosting the reversibility of the Ca-S chemistry. Furthermore, the presence of Li+-ions facilitates the ionic charge transfer both in the electrolyte and across the solid electrolyte interphase layer, consequently reducing the interfacial and bulk impedance of Ca-S batteries. As a result, both the utilization of active sulfur in the cathode and the discharge voltage of Ca-S batteries are significantly improved.
Research Organization:
Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
Robert A. Welch Foundation; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0005397
OSTI ID:
1598280
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1494846
Journal Information:
Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Energy Materials Journal Issue: 14 Vol. 9; ISSN 1614-6832
Publisher:
WileyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Cited By (4)

Current Status and Future Prospects of Metal–Sulfur Batteries journal May 2019
A Four‐Electron Sulfur Electrode Hosting a Cu 2+ /Cu + Redox Charge Carrier journal July 2019
A Four‐Electron Sulfur Electrode Hosting a Cu 2+ /Cu + Redox Charge Carrier journal September 2019
Design of a composite cathode and a graphene coated separator for a stable room-temperature aluminum–sulfur battery journal January 2020

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