Measurement of diamond nucleation rates from hydrocarbons at conditions comparable to the interiors of icy giant planets

Schuster, A. K.; Hartley, N. J.; Vorberger, J.; Döppner, T.; van Driel, T.; Falcone, R. W.; Fletcher, L. B.; Frydrych, S.; Galtier, E.; Gamboa, E. J.; Gericke, D. O.; Glenzer, S. H.; Granados, E.; MacDonald, M. J.; MacKinnon, A. J.; McBride, E. E.; Nam, I.; Neumayer, P.; Pak, A.; Prencipe, I.; Voigt, K.; Saunders, A. M.; Sun, P.; Kraus, D.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.101.054301

Measurement of diamond nucleation rates from hydrocarbons at conditions comparable to the interiors of icy giant planets

Journal Article · Wed Feb 05 00:00:00 EST 2020 · Physical Review. B

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.101.054301· OSTI ID:1597545

; ; Vorberger, J.; Döppner, T.; van Driel, T.; Falcone, R. W.; Fletcher, L. B.; Frydrych, S.; ; Gamboa, E. J.; ; Glenzer, S. H.; Granados, E.; MacDonald, M. J.; MacKinnon, A. J.; McBride, E. E.; Nam, I.; Neumayer, P.; Pak, A.; Prencipe, I. more »

We present measurements of the nucleation rate into a diamond lattice in dynamically compressed polystyrene obtained in a pump-probe experiment using a high-energy laser system and in situ femtosecond x-ray diffraction. Different temperature-pressure conditions that occur in planetary interiors were probed. For a single shock reaching 70 GPa and 3000 K no diamond formation was observed, while with a double shock driving polystyrene to pressures around 150 GPa and temperatures around 5000 K nucleation rates between 10²⁹ and 10³⁴ m^–3 s^–1 were recorded. These nucleation rates do not agree with predictions of the state-of-the-art theoretical models for carbon-hydrogen mixtures by many orders of magnitude. Our data suggest that there is significant diamond formation to be expected inside icy giant planets like Neptune and Uranus.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA (United States). Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS)

Sponsoring Organization:: German Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Tech- nologie (BMBF)); Helmholtz Association; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES) (SC-24); University of California, Center for High Energy Density Science

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; AC52-07NA27344; SC0018298

OSTI ID:: 1597545

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1604902

Journal Information:: Physical Review. B, Journal Name: Physical Review. B Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 101; ISSN 2469-9950; ISSN PRBMDO

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Measurement of diamond nucleation rates from hydrocarbons at conditions comparable to the interiors of icy giant planets

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