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Cryogenic Focused Ion Beam Characterization of Lithium Metal Anodes

Journal Article · · ACS Energy Letters
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [2];  [3];  [4]
  1. Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States); University of California San Diego
  2. Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)
  3. U.S. Army Research Lab., Adelphi, MD (United States)
  4. Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States); U.S. Army Research Lab., Adelphi, MD (United States)
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Lithium metal is viewed as the ultimate battery anode because of its high theoretical capacity and low electrode potential, but its implementation has been limited by low Coulombic efficiency and dendrite formation above a critical current density. Determining the fundamental properties dictating lithium metal plating–stripping behavior is challenging because characterization techniques are limited by the sensitivity of lithium metal to damage by external probes, which regularly results in altered morphology and chemistry. Motivated by recent application of cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) to characterize lithium metal at the atomic scale, we explore the cryogenic focused ion beam (cryo-FIB) method as a quantitative tool for characterizing the bulk morphology of electrochemically deposited lithium and as a technique that enables TEM observation of Li-metal/solid-state electrolyte interfaces. Lastly, this work highlights the importance of cryo-FIB methodology for preparing sensitive battery materials and elucidates the impact of electrolyte selection on the density and morphology of plated lithium.

Research Organization:
Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0002357
OSTI ID:
1595334
Journal Information:
ACS Energy Letters, Journal Name: ACS Energy Letters Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 4; ISSN 2380-8195
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (13)

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In Situ STEM-EELS Observation of Nanoscale Interfacial Phenomena in All-Solid-State Batteries journal May 2016
New Insights on the Structure of Electrochemically Deposited Lithium Metal and Its Solid Electrolyte Interphases via Cryogenic TEM journal November 2017
Reviving the lithium metal anode for high-energy batteries journal March 2017
Cryo-STEM mapping of solid–liquid interfaces and dendrites in lithium-metal batteries journal August 2018
Atomic structure of sensitive battery materials and interfaces revealed by cryo–electron microscopy journal October 2017
Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of LiPON-based Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries for In Situ Testing journal January 2018

Cited By (5)

Electrochemical and Structural Analysis in All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries by Analytical Electron Microscopy: Progress and Perspectives journal October 2019
Emerging Electron Microscopy Techniques for Probing Functional Interfaces in Energy Materials journal October 2019
Emerging Electron Microscopy Techniques for Probing Functional Interfaces in Energy Materials journal January 2020
Bisalt ether electrolytes: a pathway towards lithium metal batteries with Ni-rich cathodes journal January 2019
Probing the dynamic evolution of lithium dendrites: a review of in situ / operando characterization for lithium metallic batteries journal January 2019

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25 ENERGY STORAGE
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Electrodes
Electrolytes
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Metals