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Mixed-Phase Clouds: Progress and Challenges

Journal Article · · Meteorological Monographs
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [11];  [12];  [13];  [14];  [12];  [15];  [16]
  1. Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON (Canada); CIMMS
  2. Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)
  3. Met Office, Exeter (United Kingdom); Univ. of Leeds (United Kingdom)
  4. Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Victoria (Australia)
  5. Stratton Park Engineering Corporation, Boulder, CO (United States)
  6. Univ. of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (United States)
  7. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
  8. Met Office, Exeter (United Kingdom)
  9. National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, CO (United States)
  10. Max Planck Inst. for Chemistry, Mainz (Germany)
  11. Univ. of Manchester, (United Kingdom); Univ. of Manchester, (United Kingdom)
  12. Univ. of Mainz (Germany)
  13. Forschungszentrum Jülich, (Germany)
  14. ETH Zurich (Switzerland)
  15. Karlsruhe Inst. of Technology (Germany)
  16. Univ. of Leipzig (Germany)
+ Show Author Affiliations

Mixed-phase clouds represent a three-phase colloidal system consisting of water vapor, ice particles, and coexisting supercooled liquid droplets. Mixed-phase clouds are ubiquitous in the troposphere, occurring at all latitudes from the polar regions to the tropics. Because of their widespread nature, mixed-phase processes play critical roles in the life cycle of clouds, precipitation formation, cloud electrification, and the radiative energy balance on both regional and global scales.Yet, in spite of many decades of observations and theoretical studies, our knowledge and understanding of mixed-phase cloud processes remains incomplete.Mixed-phase clouds are notoriously difficult to represent in numerical weather prediction and climatemodels, and their description in theoretical cloud physics still presents complicated challenges. In this chapter, the current status of our knowledge on mixed-phase clouds, obtained from theoretical studies and observations, is reviewed. Recent progress, along with a discussion of problems and gaps in understanding the mixed-phase environment is summarized. Specific steps to improve our knowledge of mixed-phase clouds and their role in the climate and weather system are proposed.

Research Organization:
Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER) (SC-23); National Science Foundation (NSF); National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0016476
OSTI ID:
1594787
Journal Information:
Meteorological Monographs, Journal Name: Meteorological Monographs Vol. 58; ISSN 0065-9401
Publisher:
American Meteorological Society (AMS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Formation of Poly-Crystalline Snow Crystals by Riming Process [微水滴の付着凍結による多結晶雪の生成] journal January 1979
Initial Growth forms of Snow Crystals Growing from Frozen Cloud Droplets [凍結雲粒から成長する雪結晶の初期の形態] journal January 1984
Ice Particle Impact on Cloud Water Content Instrumentation conference June 2004
Naturally Aspirating Isokinetic Total Water Content Probe: Pre-flight Wind Tunnel Testing and Design Modifications conference September 2012
An Assessment of the Icing Blade and the SEA Multi-Element Sensor for Liquid Water Content Calibration of the NASA GRC Icing Research Tunnel conference June 2016
Absorption feedback in stratocumulus clouds Influence on cloud top albedo journal January 1994
Cloud thermodynamic phase inferred from merged POLDER and MODIS data journal January 2010
Intercomparison of aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions in stratiform orographic mixed-phase clouds journal January 2010
Variability of mixed-phase clouds in the Arctic with a focus on the Svalbard region: a study based on spaceborne active remote sensing journal January 2015
Phase transition observations and discrimination of small cloud particles by light polarization in expansion chamber experiments journal January 2016
Observations of cloud microphysics and ice formation during COPE journal January 2016
Classification of Arctic, Mid-Latitude and Tropical Clouds in the Mixed-Phase Temperature Regime posted_content March 2017
Cloud phase identification of Arctic boundary-layer clouds from airborne spectral reflection measurements: test of three approaches journal January 2008
Ice supersaturations and cirrus cloud crystal numbers journal January 2009
Sensitivity studies of different aerosol indirect effects in mixed-phase clouds journal January 2009
Cloud particle size distributions measured with an airborne digital in-line holographic instrument journal January 2009
PHIPS-HALO: the airborne Particle Habit Imaging and Polar Scattering probe – Part 2: Characterization and first results posted_content August 2017
Water droplet calibration of the Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP) and in-flight performance in liquid, ice and mixed-phase clouds during ARCPAC journal January 2010
The scientific basis for a satellite mission to retrieve CCN concentrations and their impacts on convective clouds journal January 2012
The Atmospheric radiation measurement (ARM) program network of microwave radiometers: instrumentation, data, and retrievals journal January 2013
Thermodynamic phase retrieval of convective clouds: impact of sensor viewing geometry and vertical distribution of cloud properties journal January 2013
A spectral method for discriminating thermodynamic phase and retrieving cloud optical thickness and effective radius using transmitted solar radiance spectra journal January 2015
In situ characterization of mixed phase clouds using the Small Ice Detector and the Particle Phase Discriminator journal January 2016
PHIPS–HALO: the airborne Particle Habit Imaging and Polar Scattering probe – Part 1: Design and operation journal January 2016
An A-Train Satellite Based Stratiform Mixed-Phase Cloud Retrieval Algorithm by Combining Active and Passive Sensor Measurements journal November 2013

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Evidence for Changes in Arctic Cloud Phase Due to Long‐Range Pollution Transport journal October 2018
Evidence of Strong Contributions From Mixed‐Phase Clouds to Arctic Climate Change journal March 2019
Background Free‐Tropospheric Ice Nucleating Particle Concentrations at Mixed‐Phase Cloud Conditions journal September 2018
Uncertainties in MODIS-Based Cloud Liquid Water Path Retrievals at High Latitudes Due to Mixed-Phase Clouds and Cloud Top Height Inhomogeneity journal October 2018
Low‐Level and Surface Wind Jets Near Sea Ice Edge in the Beaufort Sea in Late Autumn journal July 2019
Detection of Mixed‐Phase Convective Clouds by a Binary Phase Information From the Passive Geostationary Instrument SEVIRI journal May 2019
Clouds in Convection‐Resolving Climate Simulations Over Europe journal April 2019
Key Elements of Turbulence Closures for Simulating Deep Convection at Kilometer‐Scale Resolution journal March 2019
Aerosol‐Mediated Glaciation of Mixed‐Phase Clouds: Steady‐State Laboratory Measurements journal August 2019
Impacts of Representing Heterogeneous Distribution of Cloud Liquid and Ice on Phase Partitioning of Arctic Mixed‐Phase Clouds with NCAR CAM5 journal December 2019
Ice-nucleating particle versus ice crystal number concentrationin altocumulus and cirrus layers embedded in Saharan dust: a closure study other January 2019
Background Free-Tropospheric Ice Nucleating Particle Concentrations at Mixed-Phase Cloud Conditions text January 2018
A high-speed particle phase discriminator (PPD-HS) for the classification of airborne particles, as tested in a continuous flow diffusion chamber text January 2019
Ice-nucleating particle versus ice crystal number concentrationin altocumulus and cirrus layers embedded in Saharan dust:a closure study text January 2019
Composition of ice particle residuals in mixed-phase clouds at Jungfraujoch (Switzerland): enrichment and depletion of particle groups relative to total aerosol journal January 2018
Marine and terrestrial influences on ice nucleating particles during continuous springtime measurements in an Arctic oilfield location journal January 2018
Ice nucleating particles in the marine boundary layer in the Canadian Arctic during summer 2014 journal January 2019
Arctic clouds in ECHAM6 and their sensitivity to cloud microphysics and surface fluxes journal January 2019
Ice-nucleating particle versus ice crystal number concentrationin altocumulus and cirrus layers embedded in Saharan dust:a closure study journal January 2019
Antarctic clouds, supercooled liquid water and mixed phase, investigated with DARDAR: geographical and seasonal variations journal January 2019
Using freezing spectra characteristics to identify ice-nucleating particle populations during the winter in the Alps journal January 2019
The impact of secondary ice production on Arctic stratocumulus journal January 2020
Spatial and temporal variability in the ice-nucleating ability of alpine snowmelt and extension to frozen cloud fraction journal January 2020
A high-speed particle phase discriminator (PPD-HS) for the classification of airborne particles, as tested in a continuous flow diffusion chamber journal January 2019
peakTree: a framework for structure-preserving radar Doppler spectra analysis journal January 2019
Ice crystal number concentration from lidar, cloud radar and radar wind profiler measurements journal January 2019
A convolutional neural network for classifying cloud particles recorded by imaging probes journal January 2020
Implementation of a comprehensive ice crystal formation parameterization for cirrus and mixed-phase clouds in the EMAC model (based on MESSy 2.53) journal January 2018
xsacrgridrhi.c0 v1.0 from 20181228
  • Wang, Meng; Giangrande, Scott; Hardin, Joseph
  • Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Archive, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (US); ARM Data Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States) https://doi.org/10.5439/1578281
dataset January 2020
Background Free‐Tropospheric Ice Nucleating Particle Concentrations at Mixed‐Phase Cloud Conditions text January 2018
Detection of Mixed‐Phase Convective Clouds by a Binary Phase Information From the Passive Geostationary Instrument SEVIRI text January 2019

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54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
aircraft observations
climate models
clouds
lidars/lidar observations
microwave observations
radars/radar observations