Coupled Dirac Plasmons in Topological Insulators

Ginley, Theresa P.; Law, Stephanie

doi:10.1002/adom.201800113

Coupled Dirac Plasmons in Topological Insulators

Journal Article · Wed Apr 18 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Advanced Optical Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201800113· OSTI ID:1593358

Ginley, Theresa P. ^[1]; Law, Stephanie ^[2]

Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Delaware
Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering

Topological insulators are predicted to house spin-polarized two-dimensional Dirac plasmons. In topological insulator thin films, Dirac plasmons on the top and bottom surfaces will be coupled, giving rise to an unusual dispersion relationship. These plasmons are of interest both for fundamental science as well as applications in THz sensing and waveguiding. In this article, we present conclusive evidence for coupled Dirac plasmons excited in the surface states of topological insulator thin film stripe arrays by investigating how the plasmon frequency depends on both film thickness and stripe width. Bi₂Se₃ films of thickness 50-200nm are patterned into periodic stripes of width 1-4μm to excite plasmons. The plasmon frequency dependence on both film thickness and stripe width is found to be in good agreement with theoretical models for couple 2D Dirac plasmons. Alternative explanations such as 2D massive plasmons are shown to be inconstant with data. Finally, effective mode indexes of up to 211 are reported, demonstrating incredible confinement of light in the THz frequency range.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0017801

OSTI ID:: 1593358

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1537393
OSTI ID: 1433553

Journal Information:: Advanced Optical Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Optical Materials Journal Issue: 13 Vol. 6; ISSN 2195-1071

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (36)

Plasmon-Phonon Interactions in Topological Insulator Microrings Autore, Marta; D'Apuzzo, Fausto; Di Gaspare, Alessandra Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201400513	journal	April 2015
Searching for better plasmonic materials West, P. R.; Ishii, S.; Naik, G. V. Laser & Photonics Reviews, Vol. 4, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.200900055	journal	March 2010
Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications Maier, Stefan A. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-37825-1	book	January 2007
Plasma-Wave Terahertz Detection Mediated by Topological Insulators Surface States Viti, Leonardo; Coquillat, Dominique; Politano, Antonio Nano Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02901	journal	December 2015
Observation of Magnetoplasmons in Bi ₂ Se ₃ Topological Insulator Autore, Marta; Engelkamp, Hans; D’Apuzzo, Fausto ACS Photonics, Vol. 2, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5b00036	journal	August 2015
Plasmonics in Topological Insulators: Spin–Charge Separation, the Influence of the Inversion Layer, and Phonon–Plasmon Coupling Stauber, Tobias; Gómez-Santos, Guillermo; Brey, Luis ACS Photonics, Vol. 4, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.7b00524	journal	September 2017
Fano Resonances in Nanoscale Plasmonic Systems: A Parameter-Free Modeling Approach Giannini, Vincenzo; Francescato, Yan; Amrania, Hemmel Nano Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl201207n	journal	July 2011
A topological Dirac insulator in a quantum spin Hall phase Hsieh, D.; Qian, D.; Wray, L. Nature, Vol. 452, Issue 7190, p. 970-974 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06843	journal	April 2008
Coexistence of the topological state and a two-dimensional electron gas on the surface of Bi2Se3 Bianchi, Marco; Guan, Dandan; Bao, Shining Nature Communications, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1131	journal	November 2010
Nonlinear optical observation of coherent acoustic Dirac plasmons in thin-film topological insulators Glinka, Yuri D.; Babakiray, Sercan; Johnson, Trent A. Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13054	journal	September 2016
Ultra-high modulation depth exceeding 2,400% in optically controlled topological surface plasmons Sim, Sangwan; Jang, Houk; Koirala, Nikesh Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9814	journal	October 2015
Spintronics and pseudospintronics in graphene and topological insulators Pesin, Dmytro; MacDonald, Allan H. Nature Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3305	journal	April 2012
Observation of Dirac plasmons in a topological insulator Di Pietro, P.; Ortolani, M.; Limaj, O. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 8, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2013.134	journal	July 2013
Plasmons at the surface Okada, Yoshinori; Madhavan, Vidya Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 8, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2013.157	journal	August 2013
Damping pathways of mid-infrared plasmons in graphene nanostructures Yan, Hugen; Low, Tony; Zhu, Wenjuan Nature Photonics, Vol. 7, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2013.57	journal	April 2013
Observation of a large-gap topological-insulator class with a single Dirac cone on the surface Xia, Y.; Qian, D.; Hsieh, D. Nature Physics, Vol. 5, Issue 6, p. 398-402 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys1274	journal	May 2009
Plasmon-enhanced electron-phonon coupling in Dirac surface states of the thin-film topological insulator Bi ₂ Se ₃ Glinka, Yuri D.; Babakiray, Sercan; Lederman, David Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 118, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4932667	journal	October 2015
Optoelectronic devices, plasmonics, and photonics with topological insulators Politano, Antonio; Viti, Leonardo; Vitiello, Miriam S. APL Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4977782	journal	March 2017
Cutting a Gordian Knot: Dispersion of plasmonic modes in Bi ₂ Se ₃ topological insulator Politano, A.; Lamuta, C.; Chiarello, G. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 110, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4984109	journal	May 2017
Plasmonics in Dirac systems: from graphene to topological insulators Stauber, Tobias Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 26, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/26/12/123201	journal	March 2014
Thickness tunable quantum interference between surface phonon and Dirac plasmon states in thin films of the topological insulator Bi ₂ Se ₃ Glinka, Yuri D.; Babakiray, Sercan; Johnson, Trent A. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 27, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/27/5/052203	journal	January 2015
Surface plasmons and topological insulators Karch, Andreas Physical Review B, Vol. 83, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.83.245432	journal	June 2011
Spin-charge separation of plasmonic excitations in thin topological insulators Stauber, T.; Gómez-Santos, G.; Brey, L. Physical Review B, Vol. 88, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.88.205427	journal	November 2013
Resonance-type thickness dependence of optical second-harmonic generation in thin films of the topological insulator B i 2 S e 3 Glinka, Yuri D.; Babakiray, Sercan; Johnson, Trent A. Physical Review B, Vol. 91, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.91.195307	journal	May 2015
Interplay of Surface and Dirac Plasmons in Topological Insulators: The Case of Bi 2 Se 3 Politano, A.; Silkin, V. M.; Nechaev, I. A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.216802	journal	November 2015
Surface Collective Modes in the Topological Insulators Bi 2 Se 3 and Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 − x Se x Kogar, A.; Vig, S.; Thaler, A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.257402	journal	December 2015
Growth of Bi ₂ Se ₃ topological insulator films using a selenium cracker source Ginley, Theresa P.; Law, Stephanie Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena, Vol. 34, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4941134	journal	March 2016
Transport properties of Bi ₂ (Se _1−x Te _x ) ₃ thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy Wang, Yong; Ginley, Theresa P.; Zhang, Chiyu Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena, Vol. 35, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4976622	journal	March 2017
Growth of high-quality Bi ₂ Se ₃ topological insulators using (Bi _1-x In _x ) ₂ Se ₃ buffer layers Wang, Yong; Ginley, Theresa P.; Law, Stephanie Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena, Vol. 36, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.5015968	journal	March 2018
Plasmonics: Merging Photonics and Electronics at Nanoscale Dimensions Ozbay, E. Science, Vol. 311, Issue 5758 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1114849	journal	January 2006
Experimental Realization of a Three-Dimensional Topological Insulator, Bi₂Te₃ Chen, Y. L.; Analytis, J. G.; Chu, J.-H. Science, Vol. 325, Issue 5937, p. 178-181 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1173034	journal	June 2009
Collective excitations on a surface of topological insulator Efimkin, Dmitry K.; Lozovik, Yurii E.; Sokolik, Alexey A. Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-7-163	journal	January 2012
Far-Infrared Properties of Quartz and Sapphire Roberts, S.; Coon, D. D. Journal of the Optical Society of America, Vol. 52, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.52.001023	journal	January 1962
Graphene nano-ribbon waveguides of record-small mode area and ultra-high effective refractive indices for future VLSI He, Sailing; Zhang, Xizhou; He, Yingran Optics Express, Vol. 21, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.21.030664	journal	January 2013
Surface plasmon polaritons in topological insulator nano-films and superlattices Deshko, Yury; Krusin-Elbaum, Lia; Menon, Vinod Optics Express, Vol. 24, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.24.007398	journal	January 2016
Plasmonics in Topological Insulators Lai, Yi-Ping; Lin, I-Tan; Wu, Kuang-Hsiung Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Vol. 4 https://doi.org/10.5772/58558	journal	January 2014

Cited By (2)

Localized plasmons in topological insulators Jiang, Zhihao; Rösner, Malte; Groenewald, Roelof E. Physical Review B, Vol. 101, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.101.045106	journal	January 2020
Optical properties of (Bi _1-x In _x ) ₂ Se ₃ thin films Wang, Y.; Law, S. Optical Materials Express, Vol. 8, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1364/ome.8.002570	journal	January 2018

Similar Records

In-plane plasmon coupling in topological insulator Bi₂Se₃ thin films

Journal Article · Sun Nov 14 19:00:00 EST 2021 · Applied Physics Letters · OSTI ID:1830504

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Coupled Dirac Plasmons in Topological Insulators

Citation Formats

References (36)

Cited By (2)

Similar Records

Related Subjects