Anaerobic Degradation of Syringic Acid by an Adapted Strain of Rhodopseudomonas palustris

Oshlag, J. Zachary; Ma, Yanjun; Morse, Kaitlin; Burger, Brian T.; Lemke, Rachelle A.; Karlen, Steven D.; Myers, Kevin S.; Donohue, Timothy J.; Noguera, Daniel R.; Nojiri, Hideaki

doi:10.1128/AEM.01888-19

Anaerobic Degradation of Syringic Acid by an Adapted Strain of Rhodopseudomonas palustris

Journal Article · Fri Nov 15 00:00:00 EST 2019 · Applied and Environmental Microbiology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01888-19· OSTI ID:1592503

Oshlag, J. Zachary; Ma, Yanjun; Morse, Kaitlin; Burger, Brian T.; Lemke, Rachelle A.; Karlen, Steven D.; Myers, Kevin S.; ; ; Nojiri, Hideaki

ABSTRACT

While lignin represents a major fraction of the carbon in plant biomass, biological strategies to convert the components of this heterogeneous polymer into products of industrial and biotechnological value are lacking. Syringic acid (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid) is a by-product of lignin degradation, appearing in lignocellulosic hydrolysates, deconstructed lignin streams, and other agricultural products.Rhodopseudomonas palustrisCGA009 is a known degrader of phenolic compounds under photoheterotrophic conditions via the benzoyl coenzyme A (CoA) degradation (BAD) pathway. However,R. palustrisCGA009 is reported to be unable to metabolizemeta-methoxylated phenolics, such as syringic acid. We isolated a strain ofR. palustris(strain SA008.1.07), adapted from CGA009, which can grow on syringic acid under photoheterotrophic conditions, utilizing it as a sole source of organic carbon and reducing power. An SA008.1.07 mutant with an inactive benzoyl-CoA reductase structural gene was able to grow on syringic acid, demonstrating that the metabolism of this aromatic compound is not through the BAD pathway. Comparative gene expression analyses of SA008.1.07 implicated the involvement of products of thevanARBoperon (rpa3619,rpa3620,rpa3621), which has been described as catalyzing aerobic aromatic ring demethylation in other bacteria, in anaerobic syringic acid degradation. In addition, experiments with avanARBdeletion mutant demonstrated the involvement of thevanARBoperon in anaerobic syringic acid degradation. These observations provide new insights into the anaerobic degradation ofmeta-methoxylated and other aromatics byR. palustris.

IMPORTANCELignin is the most abundant aromatic polymer on Earth and a resource that could eventually substitute for fossil fuels as a source of aromatic compounds for industrial and biotechnological applications. Engineering microorganisms for the production of aromatic-based biochemicals requires detailed knowledge of the metabolic pathways for the degradation of aromatics that are present in lignin. Our isolation and analysis of aRhodopseudomonas palustrisstrain capable of syringic acid degradation reveal a previously unknown metabolic route for aromatic degradation inR. palustris. This study highlights several key features of this pathway and sets the stage for a more complete understanding of the microbial metabolic repertoire required to metabolize aromatic compounds from lignin and other renewable sources.

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Research Organization:: USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA (United States); Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER) (SC-23)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; FC02-07ER64494; SC0018409

OSTI ID:: 1592503

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1579365

Journal Information:: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Journal Name: Applied and Environmental Microbiology Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 86; ISSN 0099-2240

Publisher:: American Society for MicrobiologyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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