Impact of Conformality and Crystallinity for Ultrathin 4 nm Compact TiO2 Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells

Roelofs, Katherine E.; Pool, Vanessa L.; Bobb-Semple, Dara A.; Palmstrom, Axel F.; Santra, Pralay K.; Van Campen, Douglas G.; Toney, Michael F.; Bent, Stacey F.

doi:10.1002/admi.201600580

Title: Impact of Conformality and Crystallinity for Ultrathin 4 nm Compact TiO₂ Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells

Journal Article · Thu Aug 25 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Advanced Materials Interfaces

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201600580· OSTI ID:1579794

Roelofs, Katherine E. ^[1]; Pool, Vanessa L. ^[2]; Bobb-Semple, Dara A. ^[1]; Palmstrom, Axel F. ^[1]; Santra, Pralay K. ^[1]; Van Campen, Douglas G. ^[2]; Toney, Michael F. ^[2]; Bent, Stacey F. ^[1]

Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

The rapid rise in power conversion efficiencies of lead-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has established their promise, motivating scale-up and commercialization. As a thin film solar cell, interfacial properties are key to the performance of PSCs; there is a need to further understand which properties are important to control. Here, the impact of the compact TiO₂ (com-TiO₂) film properties on the performance of mesoporous PSCs is studied. Com-TiO₂ layers are fabricated by spray pyrolysis as well as by atomic layer deposition (ALD), using ALD as a proof-of-concept method to achieve highly conformal films of precisely controlled thickness. The com-TiO₂ layers’ conformality and surface roughness are examined by microscopy techniques; their relative crystallinity is studied by grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction with a synchrotron source and an in situ annealing chamber; and completed devices are analyzed by J–V and impedance spectroscopy techniques. The results show that an ultraconformal comTiO₂ layer can be thinned to 4 nm and match the performance of a ≈50 nm spray-pyrolysis TiO₂ layer. This work concludes that film conformality is the primary consideration for creating a high-performing com-TiO₂ layer, overriding any effects of flm crystallinity—a fnding that can guide fabrication choices for the scale-up of PSCs.

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Research Organization:: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center on Nanostructuring for Efficient Energy Conversion (CNEEC); Stanford Univ., CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office; National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0004946

OSTI ID:: 1579794

Journal Information:: Advanced Materials Interfaces, Vol. 3, Issue 21; ISSN 2196-7350

Publisher:: Wiley-VCHCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 15 works

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Metal–organic frameworks at interfaces of hybrid perovskite solar cells for enhanced photovoltaic properties Shen, Deli; Pang, Aiying; Li, Yafeng Chemical Communications, Vol. 54, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cc09452c	journal	January 2018
Emerging Organic and Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Photovoltaic Devices for Specialty Applications: Low-Level-Lighting Energy Conversion and Biomedical Treatment Chen, Fang-Chung Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201800662	journal	October 2018
Electrodeposition of SnO2 on FTO and its Application in Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells as an Electron Transport Layer Ko, Yohan; Kim, Yeong Rim; Jang, Haneol Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-017-2247-x	journal	August 2017

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Title: Impact of Conformality and Crystallinity for Ultrathin 4 nm Compact TiO₂ Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells