Ultra-deep tidal disruption events: prompt self-intersections and observables

Darbha, Siva; Coughlin, Eric R.; Kasen, Daniel; Nixon, Chris

doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1923

Title: Ultra-deep tidal disruption events: prompt self-intersections and observables

Journal Article · Fri Jul 12 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1923· OSTI ID:1577797

Darbha, Siva ^[1];

^[2]; Kasen, Daniel ^[3];

^[4]

Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. of Leicester (United Kingdom)

A star approaching a supermassive black hole (SMBH) can be torn apart in a tidal disruption event (TDE). Here we examine ultra-deep TDEs, a new regime in which the disrupted debris approaches close to the black hole’s Schwarzschild radius, and the leading part intersects the trailing part at the first pericenter passage. We calculate the range of penetration factors β vs SMBH masses M that produce these prompt self-intersections using a Newtonian analytic estimate and a general relativistic (GR) geodesic model. We find that significant self-intersection of Solar-type stars requires β ~ 50 – 127 for M/M⊙ = 104, down to β ~ 5.6 – 5.9 for M/M⊙ = 106. We run smoothed-particle hydrodynamic (SPH) simulations to corroborate our calculations and find close agreement, with a slightly shallower dependence on M. We predict that the shock from the collision emits an X-ray flare lasting t ~ 2 s with L ~ 1047 ergs/s at E ~ 2 keV, and the debris has a prompt accretion episode lasting t ~ several min. The events are rare and occur with a rate $$\dot{N} \lesssim 10^{-7}$$ Mpc–3 yr–1. Ultra-deep TDEs can probe the strong gravity and demographics of low-mass SMBHs.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR); National Science Foundation (NSF); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) (United Kingdom)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; 1616754; PF6-170170; ST/M005917/1

OSTI ID:: 1577797

Journal Information:: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 488, Issue 4; ISSN 0035-8711

Publisher:: Royal Astronomical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 11 works

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