Role of Microtearing Turbulence in DIII-D High Bootstrap Current Fraction Plasmas

Jian, Xiang; Holland, Christopher; Candy, Jeff; Belli, Emily; Chan, Vincet; Garofalo, Andrea M.; Ding, Siye

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.225002

Title: Role of Microtearing Turbulence in DIII-D High Bootstrap Current Fraction Plasmas

Journal Article · Tue Nov 26 00:00:00 EST 2019 · Physical Review Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.225002· OSTI ID:1576791

^[1]; Holland, Christopher ^[1]; Candy, Jeff ^[2]; Belli, Emily ^[2]; Chan, Vincet ^[2]; Garofalo, Andrea M. ^[2]; Ding, Siye ^[3]

Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)
General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)
Oak Ridge Associated Univ., Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui (China)

We report the first direct comparisons of microtearing turbulence simulations to experimental measurements in a representative high bootstrap current fraction (f_BS) plasma. Previous studies of high f_BS plasmas carried out in DIII-D with large radius internal transport barriers (ITBs) have found that while the ion energy transport is accurately reproduced by neoclassical theory, the electron transport remains anomalous, and not well-described by existing quasilinear transport models. A key feature of these plasmas is the large value of normalized pressure gradient, which is shown to completely stabilize conventional drift-wave and kinetic ballooning mode instabilities in the ITB, but destabilizes the microtearing mode. Nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations of the ITB region performed with the CGYRO code demonstrate that the microtearing modes are robustly unstable and capable of driving electron energy transport levels comparable to experimental levels for input parameters consistent with the experimental measurements. These simulations uniformly predict that the microtearing mode fluctuation and flux spectra extend to significantly shorter wavelengths than the range of linear instability, representing significantly different nonlinear dynamics and saturation mechanisms than conventional drift-wave turbulence, also consistent with the fundamental tearing nature of the instability. In conclusion, the predicted transport levels are found to be most sensitive to the magnetic shear, rather than the temperature gradients more typically identified as driving turbulent plasma transport.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0018287

OSTI ID:: 1576791

Report Number(s):: DOE-UCSD-18287-1; PRLTAO; TRN: US2102314

Journal Information:: Physical Review Letters, Vol. 123, Issue 22; ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 17 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (63)

A unified method for operator evaluation in local Grad–Shafranov plasma equilibria Candy, J. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 51, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/51/10/105009	journal	September 2009
Turbulence in high-beta ASDEX upgrade advanced scenarios Doerk, H.; Bock, A.; Di Siena, A. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa9589	journal	December 2017
Spatial structure of internal and edge transport barriers Fujita, T. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 44, Issue 5A https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/44/5A/302	journal	April 2002
Neoclassical conductivity and bootstrap current formulas for general axisymmetric equilibria and arbitrary collisionality regime Sauter, O.; Angioni, C.; Lin-Liu, Y. R. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 6, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.873240	journal	July 1999
Integration of full divertor detachment with improved core confinement for tokamak fusion plasmas Wang, L.; Wang, H. Q.; Ding, S. Nature Communications, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21645-y	journal	March 2021
Gyrofluid simulations of turbulence suppression in reversed-shear experiments on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor Beer, M. A.; Hammett, G. W.; Rewoldt, G. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 4, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.872279	journal	May 1997
Suppressing electron turbulence and triggering internal transport barriers with reversed magnetic shear in the National Spherical Torus Experiment Peterson, J. L.; Bell, R.; Candy, J. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 19, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4718456	journal	May 2012
OMFIT Tokamak Profile Data Fitting and Physics Analysis Logan, N. C.; Grierson, B. A.; Haskey, S. R. Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 74, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2017.1386943	journal	January 2018
A high-accuracy Eulerian gyrokinetic solver for collisional plasmas Candy, J.; Belli, E. A.; Bravenec, R. V. Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 324 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2016.07.039	journal	November 2016
Stabilization of the tearing mode in high-temperature plasma Drake, J. F. Physics of Fluids, Vol. 26, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.864441	journal	January 1983
Cross-Scale Interactions between Electron and Ion Scale Turbulence in a Tokamak Plasma Maeyama, S.; Idomura, Y.; Watanabe, T. -H. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.255002	journal	June 2015
Quasisteady High-Confinement Reversed Shear Plasma with Large Bootstrap Current Fraction under Full Noninductive Current Drive Condition in JT-60U Fujita, T.; Ide, S.; Kamada, Y. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 87, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.085001	journal	July 2001
Kinetic theory of tearing instability Hazeltine, R. D.; Dobrott, D.; Wang, T. S. Physics of Fluids, Vol. 18, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.861097	journal	January 1975
Transport modeling of the DIII-D high ${{\beta}_{p}}$ scenario and extrapolations to ITER steady-state operation McClenaghan, J.; Garofalo, A. M.; Meneghini, O. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa79ca	journal	August 2017
Kinetic theory of tearing instabilities Drake, J. F.; Lee, Y. C. Physics of Fluids, Vol. 20, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.862017	journal	January 1977
Multi-scale gyrokinetic simulation of tokamak plasmas: enhanced heat loss due to cross-scale coupling of plasma turbulence Howard, N. T.; Holland, C.; White, A. E. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 56, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/56/1/014004	journal	December 2015
Validation of nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations of L- and I-mode plasmas on Alcator C-Mod Creely, A. J.; Howard, N. T.; Rodriguez-Fernandez, P. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4977466	journal	May 2017
Comparison between measured and predicted turbulence frequency spectra in ITG and TEM regimes Citrin, J.; Arnichand, H.; Bernardo, J. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aa6d1d	journal	May 2017
Investigation of energy transport in DIII-D High- β _P EAST-demonstration discharges with the TGLF turbulent and NEO neoclassical transport models Pan, C.; Staebler, G. M.; Lao, L. L. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa4ff8	journal	January 2017
Ion temperature gradient turbulence simulations and plasma flux surface shape Waltz, R. E.; Miller, R. L. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 6, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.873694	journal	November 1999
Impact of electron-scale turbulence and multi-scale interactions in the JET tokamak Bonanomi, N.; Mantica, P.; Citrin, J. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aae0a8	journal	September 2018
Confinement improvement in the high poloidal beta regime on DIII-D and application to steady-state H-mode on EAST Ding, S.; Garofalo, A. M.; Qian, J. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4982058	journal	May 2017
Gyrokinetic Microtearing Turbulence Doerk, H.; Jenko, F.; Pueschel, M. J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.155003	journal	April 2011
Characteristics of internal transport barriers in JT-60U reversed shear plasmas Sakamoto, Y.; Kamada, Y.; Ide, S. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 41, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/41/7/307	journal	July 2001
Simulation of Fusion Plasmas: Current Status and Future Direction Batchelor, D. A.; Beck, M.; Becoulet, A. Plasma Science and Technology, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/1009-0630/9/3/13	journal	June 2007
Study of the parametric dependence of linear and nonlinear microtearing modes in conventional tokamak discharges Rafiq, T.; Kritz, A. H.; Weiland, J. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5009105	journal	January 2018
Electromagnetic Transport from Microtearing Mode Turbulence Guttenfelder, W.; Candy, J.; Kaye, S. M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.155004	journal	April 2011
Validation of gyrokinetic simulations with measurements of electron temperature fluctuations and density-temperature phase angles on ASDEX Upgrade Freethy, S. J.; Görler, T.; Creely, A. J. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5018930	journal	May 2018
Chapter 6: Steady state operation Gormezano, C.; Sips, A. C. C.; Luce, T. C. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 47, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/47/6/S06	journal	June 2007
Physics comparison and modelling of the JET and JT-60U core and edge: towards JT-60SA predictions Garcia, J.; Hayashi, N.; Baiocchi, B. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 54, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/54/9/093010	journal	August 2014
Integrated modeling applications for tokamak experiments with OMFIT Meneghini, O.; Smith, S. P.; Lao, L. L. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 55, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/55/8/083008	journal	July 2015
Linearized model collision operators for multiple ion species plasmas and gyrokinetic entropy balance equations Sugama, H.; Watanabe, T. -H.; Nunami, M. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 16, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3257907	journal	November 2009
The effect of ion-scale dynamics on electron-temperature-gradient turbulence Candy, J.; Waltz, R. E.; Fahey, M. R. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 49, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/49/8/008	journal	July 2007
Microtearing modes in tokamak discharges Rafiq, T.; Weiland, J.; Kritz, A. H. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 23, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4953609	journal	June 2016
High performance reversed shear plasmas with a large radius transport barrier in JT-60U Fujita, T.; Hatae, T.; Oikawa, T. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 38, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/38/2/305	journal	February 1998
Microtearing turbulence limiting the JET-ILW pedestal Hatch, D. R.; Kotschenreuther, M.; Mahajan, S. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 56, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/56/10/104003	journal	August 2016
Stationary high confinement plasmas with large bootstrap current fraction in JT-60U Sakamoto, Y.; Fujita, T.; Ide, S. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 45, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/45/7/004	journal	June 2005
Perturbative transport modeling of cold-pulse dynamics in Alcator C-Mod Ohmic plasmas Rodriguez-Fernandez, P.; White, A. E.; Howard, N. T. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab1575	journal	May 2019
On the linear stability of collisionless microtearing modes Predebon, I.; Sattin, F. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 20, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4799980	journal	April 2013
Gyrokinetic analysis and simulation of pedestals to identify the culprits for energy losses using ‘fingerprints’ Kotschenreuther, M.; Liu, X.; Hatch, D. R. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab1fa2	journal	July 2019
Gyrokinetic predictions of multiscale transport in a DIII-D ITER baseline discharge Holland, C.; Howard, N. T.; Grierson, B. A. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa6c16	journal	May 2017
Microtearing Modes and Anomalous Transport in Tokamaks Drake, J. F.; Gladd, N. T.; Liu, C. S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 44, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.44.994	journal	April 1980
Transport modelling of JT-60U and JET plasmas with internal transport barriers towards prediction of JT-60SA high-beta steady-state scenario Hayashi, N.; Garcia, J.; Honda, M. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa88de	journal	October 2017
Self-sustained turbulence and L-mode confinement in toroidal plasmas. II Itoh, K.; Itoh, S. -I; Fukuyama, A. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 36, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/36/9/009	journal	September 1994
Validation metrics for turbulent plasma transport Holland, C. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 23, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4954151	journal	June 2016
Microtearing Instabilities and Electron Transport in the NSTX Spherical Tokamak Wong, K. L.; Kaye, S.; Mikkelsen, D. R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.135003	journal	September 2007
Origin of Magnetic Stochasticity and Transport in Plasma Microturbulence Hatch, D. R.; Pueschel, M. J.; Jenko, F. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.235002	journal	June 2012
Bootstrap current and neoclassical transport in tokamaks of arbitrary collisionality and aspect ratio Houlberg, W. A.; Shaing, K. C.; Hirshman, S. P. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 4, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.872465	journal	September 1997
Suppression of Ion-Scale Microtearing Modes by Electron-Scale Turbulence via Cross-Scale Nonlinear Interactions in Tokamak Plasmas Maeyama, S.; Watanabe, T. -H.; Ishizawa, A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.195002	journal	November 2017
Compatibility of internal transport barrier with steady-state operation in the high bootstrap fraction regime on DIII-D Garofalo, A. M.; Gong, X.; Grierson, B. A. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 55, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/55/12/123025	journal	November 2015
Noncircular, finite aspect ratio, local equilibrium model Miller, R. L.; Chu, M. S.; Greene, J. M. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.872666	journal	April 1998
Gyrokinetic prediction of microtearing turbulence in standard tokamaks Doerk, H.; Jenko, F.; Görler, T. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 19, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3694663	journal	May 2012
A gyro-Landau-fluid transport model Waltz, R. E.; Staebler, G. M.; Dorland, W. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 4, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.872228	journal	July 1997
A theory-based transport model with comprehensive physics Staebler, G. M.; Kinsey, J. E.; Waltz, R. E. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 14, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2436852	journal	May 2007
Gyrokinetic studies of microinstabilities in the reversed field pinch Carmody, D.; Pueschel, M. J.; Terry, P. W. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 20, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4803509	journal	May 2013
Microtearing modes at the top of the pedestal Dickinson, D.; Roach, C. M.; Saarelma, S. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 55, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/55/7/074006	journal	June 2013
Fusion plasma experiments on TFTR: A 20 year retrospective Hawryluk, R. J.; Batha, S.; Blanchard, W. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 5, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.872825	journal	May 1998
Implementation and application of two synthetic diagnostics for validating simulations of core tokamak turbulence Holland, C.; White, A. E.; McKee, G. R. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 16, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3085792	journal	May 2009
Extended JT-60U plasma regimes for high integrated performance Kamada, Y.; Team, Jt-60 Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 41, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/41/10/302	journal	October 2001
Quasisteady High-Confinement Reversed Shear Plasma with Large Bootstrap Current Fraction under Full Noninductive Current Drive Condition in JT-60U Fujita, T.; Ide, S.; Kamada, Y. The American Physical Society https://doi.org/10.17877/de290r-10704	text	January 2001
Microtearing modes at the top of the pedestal Dickinson, D.; Roach, C. M.; Saarelma, S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1209.3695	text	January 2012
On the linear stability of collisionless microtearing modes Predebon, I.; Sattin, F. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1301.1601	text	January 2013
Gyrokinetic analysis and simulation of pedestals, to identify the culprits for energy losses using fingerprints Kotschenreuther, M.; Liu, X.; Hatch, D. R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1903.09994	text	January 2019

Similar Records

Role of microtearing mode in DIII-D and future high-β_p core plasmas

Journal Article · Fri Apr 02 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Physics of Plasmas · OSTI ID:1576791

Jian, X.; Holland, C.; Candy, J.; +7 more

Examination of stiff ion temperature gradient mode physics in simulations of DIII-D H-mode transport

Dataset · Thu Jun 09 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · OSTI ID:1576791

Holland, C.; Luce, T. C.; Grierson, B. A.; +5 more

The dominant micro-turbulence instabilities in the lower q₉₅ high β_p plasmas on DIII-D and predict-first extrapolation

Journal Article · Thu Nov 14 00:00:00 EST 2019 · Nuclear Fusion · OSTI ID:1576791

Ding, S.; Jian, X.; Garofalo, A. M.; +4 more

Related Subjects

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY
Plasma
Turbulence
Gyrokinetics

Title: Role of Microtearing Turbulence in DIII-D High Bootstrap Current Fraction Plasmas

Citation Formats

References (63)

Similar Records

Related Subjects