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California GAMA Special Study: Excess Nitrogen and Methane in Noble Gas Samples

Technical Report ·
DOI:https://doi.org/10.2172/1572628· OSTI ID:1572628
 [1];  [2];  [2];  [1];  [1]
  1. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  2. California State Univ., East Bay, Hayward, CA (United States)
The most prominent constituent causing concern for drinking water resources in California is nitrate. Denitrification in the unsaturated zone and in groundwater naturally reduces nitrate concentrations, controls the fate of groundwater nitrate and determines the time scale over which changes in management practice will result in improvements in water quality. Quantifying denitrification is also important in estimating nutrient loading to groundwater through time. Measurements of dissolved nitrogen gas can detect and quantify saturated zone denitrification; and LLNL with GAMA funding has developed benchtop instrumentation to measure dissolved nitrogen in groundwater. This technique, membrane-inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) requires the collection of an additional sample and is not routinely included in current GAMA water quality monitoring surveys. Incorporating dissolved nitrogen analysis into current water quality monitoring protocols without requiring an additional sample or separate analysis is the most cost-effective way to expand the database of dissolved nitrogen concentrations and document the prevalence of saturated-zone denitrification in California groundwater. The GAMA Priority Basin, Shallow Aquifer Assessment, and Special Study water quality monitoring programs routinely use dissolved noble gas and tritium analyses to constrain groundwater travel times and recharge. Noble gases are collected as a 10-mL water sample in a crimped copper tube and are analyzed by noble gas mass spectrometry (NGMS). Nitrogen, methane and carbon dioxide, can now also be measured in copper tubes and analyzed by the same LLNL NGMS system, which has been upgraded to allow such analyses. In the case of the GAMA Shallow Aquifer Assessment project, this will automatically provide dissolved nitrogen analyses at little or no incremental cost. A significant advantage of this technique is that archival copper tube noble gas samples can be analyzed using the technique. The dissolved nitrogen analyses – combined with nitrate analyses and the NGMS age information – will provide unique insight into nitrate sources, inputs, transport, and reaction rates.
Research Organization:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
DOE Contract Number:
AC52-07NA27344
OSTI ID:
1572628
Report Number(s):
LLNL--TR-728423; 878839
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English