The Effects of Earthquakes and Fluids on the Metamorphism of the Lower Continental Crust

Jamtveit, Bjørn; Petley‐Ragan, Arianne; Incel, Sarah; Dunkel, Kristina G.; Aupart, Claire; Austrheim, Håkon; Corfu, Fernando; Menegon, Luca; Renard, François

doi:10.1029/2018jb016461

The Effects of Earthquakes and Fluids on the Metamorphism of the Lower Continental Crust

Journal Article · Fri Aug 30 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jb016461· OSTI ID:1571664

^[1]; ^[1]; Incel, Sarah ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]; Austrheim, Håkon ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[2]; ^[3]

Univ. of Oslo (Norway)
Univ. of Oslo (Norway); Univ. of Plymouth (United Kingdom)
Univ. of Oslo (Norway); Univ. Grenoble Alpes (France); Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, Grenoble (France)

Rock rheology and density have first-order effects on the lithosphere's response to plate tectonic forces at plate boundaries. Changes in these rock properties are controlled by metamorphic transformation processes that are critically dependent on the presence of fluids. At the onset of a continental collision, the lower crust is in most cases dry and strong. However, if exposed to internally produced or externally supplied fluids, the thickened crust will react and be converted into a mechanically weaker lithology by fluid-driven metamorphic reactions. Fluid introduction is often associated with deep crustal earthquakes. Microstructural evidence, suggest that in strong highly stressed rocks, seismic slip may be initiated by brittle deformation and that wall-rock damage caused by dynamic ruptures plays a very important role in allowing fluids to enter into contact with dry and highly reactive lower crustal rocks. The resulting metamorphism produces weaker rocks which subsequently deform by viscous creep. Volumes of weak rocks contained in a highly stressed environment of strong rocks may experience significant excursions toward higher pressure without any associated burial. Slow and highly localized creep processes in a velocity strengthening regime may produce mylonitic shear zones along faults initially characterized by earthquake-generated frictional melting and wall rock damage. However, stress pulses from earthquakes in the shallower brittle regime may kick start new episodes of seismic slip at velocity weakening conditions. These processes indicate that the evolution of the lower crust during continental collisions is controlled by the transient interplay between brittle deformation, fluid-rock interactions, and creep flow.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (US)

Sponsoring Organization:: European Research Council (ERC); Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Norwegian Research Council

OSTI ID:: 1571664

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth, Journal Name: Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth Journal Issue: 8 Vol. 124; ISSN 2169-9313

Publisher:: American Geophysical UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: ENGLISH

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How ductile are ductile shear zones? Mancktelow, Neil S. Geology, Vol. 34, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1130/G22260.1	journal	January 2006
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Pseudotachylyte as field evidence for lower crustal earthquakes during the intracontinental Petermann Orogeny (Musgrave Block, Central Australia) Hawemann, Friedrich; Mancktelow, Neil; Wex, Sebastian EarthArXiv https://doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/c3s5g	text	January 2017
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Pseudotachylyte as field evidence for lower-crustal earthquakes during the intracontinental Petermann Orogeny (Musgrave Block, Central Australia) Hawemann, Friedrich; Mancktelow, Neil S.; Wex, Sebastian ETH Zurich https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000265231	text	January 2018
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Pseudotachylyte as field evidence for lower-crustal earthquakes during the intracontinental Petermann Orogeny (Musgrave Block, Central Australia) Hawemann, Friedrich; Mancktelow, Neil S.; Wex, Sebastian Solid Earth, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-629-2018	journal	January 2018
Age and origin of thin discontinuous gneiss sheets in the distal domain of the magma-poor hyperextended pre-Caledonian margin of Baltica, southern Norway Jakob, Johannes; Alsaif, Manar; Corfu, Fernando Geological Society of London https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.4299755	image	January 2016
Age and origin of thin discontinuous gneiss sheets in the distal domain of the magma-poor hyperextended pre-Caledonian margin of Baltica, southern Norway Jakob, Johannes; Alsaif, Manar; Corfu, Fernando Geological Society of London https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.4299755.v1	image	January 2016
The Brittle‐Ductile Transition Predicted by a Physics‐Based Friction Law Aharonov, Einat; Scholz, Christopher H. Columbia University https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-vn2n-4957	text	January 2019

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High transient stress in the lower crust: Evidence from dry pseudotachylytes in granulites, Lofoten Archipelago, northern Norway Dunkel, Kristina G.; Zhong, Xin; Arnestad, Paal Ferdinand Geology, Vol. 49, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1130/g48002.1	journal	September 2020
Fracturing and crystal plastic behaviour of garnet under seismic stress in the dry lower continental crust (Musgrave Ranges, Central Australia) Hawemann, Friedrich; Mancktelow, Neil; Wex, Sebastian ETH Zurich https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000371749	text	January 2019
Fracturing and crystal plastic behaviour of garnet under seismic stress in the dry lower continental crust (Musgrave Ranges, Central Australia) Hawemann, Friedrich; Mancktelow, Neil; Wex, Sebastian Solid Earth, Vol. 10, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1635-2019	journal	January 2019

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