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Title: Role of Surface Enthalpy Fluxes in Idealized Simulations of Tropical Depression Spinup

Journal Article · · Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
 [1];  [2]
  1. Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States)
  2. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
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An idealized, three-dimensional, cloud-system-resolving model is used to explore the influence of surface enthalpy flux variations on tropical depression (TD) spinup, an early stage of tropical cyclogenesis in which the role of surface fluxes remains incompletely understood. A range of simulations supports the hypothesis that a negative radial gradient of surface enthalpy flux outside the storm center is necessary for TD spinup but can arise from multiple mechanisms. The negative radial gradient is typically created by the wind speed dependence of surface enthalpy fluxes, consistent with some previous theories for tropical cyclone intensification. Yet, when surface enthalpy fluxes are prescribed to be independent of wind speed, spinup still occurs, albeit more slowly, with the negative radial gradient of surface enthalpy flux maintained by an enhanced air-sea thermodynamic disequilibrium beneath the cold core of the incipient vortex. Surface enthalpy flux variations seem more important for intensification than initial conditions. For instance, a vortex forms and intensifies even from a state of rest when the center of the domain is initialized to be nearly saturated with water vapor, but this intensification is modest in amplitude and transient, lasting less than 12 h, without interactive surface enthalpy flux. Sustained spinup on time scales longer than a day does not occur when surface enthalpy fluxes are horizontally homogeneous or constant, even when fixed at the high value of 200 W m-2. In the ensemble of simulations presented here, the vortex intensification rate scales linearly with the storm-scale surface enthalpy flux anomaly relative to the undisturbed environment.

Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC); US Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research (ONR)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
1567123
Journal Information:
Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 75, Issue 6; ISSN 0022-4928
Publisher:
American Meteorological SocietyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 12 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Cited By (3)

Aquaplanet Simulations of Tropical Cyclones journal June 2019
The Role of Latent Heat Flux in Tropical Cyclogenesis over the Western North Pacific: Comparison of Developing versus Non-Developing Disturbances journal January 2019
Understanding the vertical structure of potential vorticity in tropical depressions journal April 2019

Figures / Tables (14)

TABLE 1(p. 8)table TABLE 1
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Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Convective storms
Cyclogenesis/cyclolysis
Deep convection
Feedback
Fluxes
Tropical cyclones