Tailoring diesel bioblendstock from integrated catalytic upgrading of carboxylic acids: a “fuel property first” approach

Huo, Xiangchen; Huq, Nabila A.; Stunkel, James J.; Cleveland, Nicholas S.; Starace, Anne K.; Settle, Amy E.; York, Allyson; Nelson, Robert S.; Brandner, David; Fouts, Lisa A.; St. John, Peter C.; Christensen, Earl D.; Luecke, Jon H.; Mack, J. Hunter; McEnally, Charles S.; Cherry, Patrick A.; Pfefferle, Lisa D.; Strathmann, Timothy J.; Salvachua Rodriguez, Davinia; Kim, Seon Ah; McCormick, Robert L.; Beckham, Gregg T.; Vardon, Derek R.

doi:10.1039/C9GC01820D

Title: Tailoring diesel bioblendstock from integrated catalytic upgrading of carboxylic acids: a “fuel property first” approach

Journal Article · Tue Aug 27 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Green Chemistry

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/C9GC01820D· OSTI ID:1567033

Huo, Xiangchen ^[1];

^[2]; Stunkel, James J. ^[2];

^[2]; Starace, Anne K. ^[2]; Settle, Amy E. ^[1]; York, Allyson ^[1]; Nelson, Robert S. ^[2];

^[2];

^[2]; Luecke, Jon H. ^[2]; Mack, J. Hunter ^[3]; McEnally, Charles S. ^[4]; Cherry, Patrick A. ^[4]; Pfefferle, Lisa D. ^[4]; Strathmann, Timothy J. ^[5];

^[2];

^[2] more »

National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States)
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Univ. of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA (United States)
Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States)
Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States)

Abstract Lignocellulosic biomass offers the potential to produce renewable fuels at a scale commensurate with petroleum consumption. Hybrid approaches that combine biological and chemocatalytic processes have garnered increasing attention due to their flexibility for feedstock utilization and diversity of potential products. Of note, lignocellulosic sugars can be converted biologically to short-chain carboxylic acids, while subsequent chemocatalytic upgrading can elongate the carbon backbone and remove oxygen from the structure to produce drop-in hydrocarbon fuels. However, hybrid conversion processes are typically not designed with the fuel properties in mind a priori. In this work, we apply a “fuel property first” design approach to produce a tailored hydrocarbon bioblendstock with lower intrinsic sooting and drop-in diesel fuel potential. Initially, model predictions for six fuel properties critical to diesel applications (physicochemical requirements, energy content, safety considerations, autoignition ability, and sooting tendency) were used to screen an array of hydrocarbons accessible from upgrading individual and mixed C₂/C₄ acids. This screening step allowed for down-selection to a non-cyclic branched C₁₄ hydrocarbon (5-ethyl-4-propylnonane) that can be synthesized from butyric acid through sequential catalytic reactions of acid ketonization, ketone condensation, and hydrodeoxygenation. Following evaluation of each conversion step with model compounds, butyric acid was then converted through an integrated catalytic process scheme to achieve >80% overall carbon yield to a hydrocarbon mixture product containing >60% of the target C₁₄ hydrocarbon. The potential of this conversion strategy to produce a hydrocarbon diesel bioblendstock from lignocellulosic biomass was then demonstrated using corn stover-derived butyric acid produced from Clostridium butyricum fermentation. Experimental fuel property testing of the purified C₁₄blendstock validated the majority of the fuel property model predictions, including <50% of the intrinsic sooting tendency when compared to conventional diesel. Meanwhile, the crude conversion product met fuel property target metrics, validating conversion process development. When the C₁₄ bioblendstock was blended into a petroleum diesel at 20 vol.%, the blend maintained low cloud point, high energy density, and cetane number. Notably, the blend reduced sooting tendency by more than 10%, highlighting the potential of the tailored bioblendstock to reduce particulate emissions.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Sustainable Transportation Office. Bioenergy Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308; EE0007983; DE347AC36-99GO10337

OSTI ID:: 1567033

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1560696

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5100-74727; GRCHFJ

Journal Information:: Green Chemistry, Vol. 21, Issue 21; ISSN 1463-9262

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 23 works

Citation information provided by
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