Neutron Star Mergers Might Not Be the Only Source of r -process Elements in the Milky Way

Côté, Benoit; Eichler, Marius; Arcones, Almudena; Hansen, Camilla J.; Simonetti, Paolo; Frebel, Anna; Fryer, Chris L.; Pignatari, Marco; Reichert, Moritz; Belczynski, Krzysztof; Matteucci, Francesca

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab10db

Title: Neutron Star Mergers Might Not Be the Only Source of r -process Elements in the Milky Way

Journal Article · Sat Apr 20 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · The Astrophysical Journal (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab10db· OSTI ID:1565888

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^[2]; Arcones, Almudena ^[3];

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^[2]; Belczynski, Krzysztof ^[9];

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Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest (Hungary). Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences; Michigan States Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). National Superconducting Cyclotron Lab.; Joint Inst. for Nuclear Astrophysics--Center for the Evolution for the Elements (JINA-CEE). East Lansing, MI (United States); NuGrid Collaboration
Technische Univ. Darmstadt, Darmstadt (Germany). Inst. für Kernphysik
Technische Univ. Darmstadt, Darmstadt (Germany). Inst. für Kernphysik; GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt (Germany)
Max Planck Inst. for Astronomy, Heidelberg (Germany)
Univ. of Trieste, Trieste (Italy). Astronomy Dept.
Joint Inst. for Nuclear Astrophysics--Center for the Evolution for the Elements (JINA-CEE). East Lansing, MI (United States); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology, Cambridge, MA (United States). Dept. of Physics and Kavli Inst. for Astrophysics and Space Research
Joint Inst. for Nuclear Astrophysics--Center for the Evolution for the Elements (JINA-CEE). East Lansing, MI (United States); Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States). Center for Theoretical Astrophysics; Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States). Dept. of Astronomy; Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy; George Washington Univ. Washington D.C. (United States). NuGrid Collaboration
Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest (Hungary). Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences; Joint Inst. for Nuclear Astrophysics--Center for the Evolution for the Elements (JINA-CEE). East Lansing, MI (United States). Univ. of Hull, Hull (United Kingdom). E.A. Milne Centre for Astrophysics, Dept. of Physics & Mathematics; NuGrid Collaboration
Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw (Poland). Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center
Univ. of Trieste, Trieste (Italy). Astronomy Dept.; I.N.A.F. Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Trieste (Italy); I.N.F.N. Sezione di Trieste, Trieste (Italy)

Probing the origin of r-process elements in the universe represents a multidisciplinary challenge. We review the observational evidence that probes the properties of r-process sites, and address them using galactic chemical evolution simulations, binary population synthesis models, and nucleosynthesis calculations. Our motivation is to define which astrophysical sites have significantly contributed to the total mass of r-process elements present in our Galaxy. We found discrepancies with the neutron star (NS–NS) merger scenario. When we assume that they are the only site, the decreasing trend of [Eu/Fe] at [Fe/H] > -1 in the disk of the Milky Way cannot be reproduced while accounting for the delay-time distribution (DTD) of coalescence times (∝t^-1) derived from short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and population synthesis models. Steeper DTD functions (∝t^-1.5) or power laws combined with a strong burst of mergers before the onset of supernovae (SNe) Ia can reproduce the [Eu/Fe] trend, but this scenario is inconsistent with the similar fraction of short GRBs and SNe Ia occurring in early-type galaxies, and it reduces the probability of detecting GW170817 in an early-type galaxy. One solution is to assume an additional production site of Eu that would be active in the early universe, but would fade away with increasing metallicity. If this is correct, this additional site could be responsible for roughly 50% of the Eu production in the early universe before the onset of SNe Ia. Rare classes of supernovae could be this additional r-process source, but hydrodynamic simulations still need to ensure the conditions for a robust r-process pattern.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 1565888

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-18-28573; TRN: US2000929

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal (Online), Vol. 875, Issue 2; ISSN 1538-4357

Publisher:: Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 112 works

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Neutron-capture elements in the very metal-poor star HD122563 Honda, S.; Aoki, W.; Ishimaru, Y. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0602107	text	January 2006
Proto-Neutron Star Winds with Magnetic Fields and Rotation Metzger, Brian D.; Thompson, Todd A.; Quataert, Eliot arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0608682	text	January 2006
The Spatial Distribution of Coalescing Neutron Star Binaries: Implications for Gamma-Ray Bursts Bloom, Joshua S.; Sigurdsson, Steinn; Pols, Onno R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9805222	text	January 1998
Neutron capture in low mass Asymptotic Giant Branch stars: cross sections and abundance signatures Arlandini, C.; Kaeppeler, F.; Wisshak, K. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9906266	text	January 1999
Neutrino-driven wind simulations and nucleosynthesis of heavy elements Arcones, A.; Thielemann, F. -K. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1207.2527	text	January 2012
The r-process nucleosynthesis in the various jet-like explosions of magnetorotational core-collapse supernovae Nishimura, Nobuya; Takiwaki, Tomoya; Thielemann, Friedrich-Karl arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1501.06567	text	January 2015
Mn abundances in the stars of the Galactic disc with metallicities -1.0 < [Fe/H] < 0.3 Mishenina, T.; Gorbaneva, T.; Pignatari, M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1509.05341	text	January 2015
The intermediate r-process in core-collapse supernovae driven by the magneto-rotational instability Nishimura, Nobuya; Sawai, Hidetomo; Takiwaki, Tomoya arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1611.02280	text	January 2016

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Using failed supernovae to constrain the Galactic r-process element production Wehmeyer, B.; Fröhlich, C.; Côté, B. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1310	journal	May 2019
The Common Envelope Jet Supernova (CEJSN) r -process Scenario Grichener, Aldana; Soker, Noam The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 878, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab1d5d	journal	June 2019
Galactic r -process Abundance Feature Shaped by Radial Migration Tsujimoto, Takuji; Baba, Junichi The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 878, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab22b3	journal	June 2019
Probing the Production of Actinides under Different r-process Conditions Eichler, M.; Sayar, W.; Arcones, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 879, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab24cf	journal	July 2019
Abundance Ratios in GALAH DR2 and Their Implications for Nucleosynthesis Griffith, Emily; Johnson, Jennifer A.; Weinberg, David H. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 886, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab4b5d	journal	November 2019
Abundances of disk and bulge giants from high-resolution optical spectra: II. O, Mg, Ca, and Ti in the bulge sample (Corrigendum) ⋆ Jönsson, H.; Ryde, N.; Schultheis, M. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 600 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201629129e	journal	April 2017
Magnetorotational core collapse of possible GRB progenitors – I. Explosion mechanisms Obergaulinger, M.; Aloy, M. Á Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 492, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa096	journal	January 2020
Neutron star binary orbits in their host potential: effect on early r-process enrichment Bonetti, Matteo; Perego, Albino; Dotti, Massimo Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 490, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2554	journal	September 2019
Gamma Rays from Kilonova: A Potential Probe of r -process Nucleosynthesis Korobkin, Oleg; Hungerford, Aimee M.; Fryer, Christopher L. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 889, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab64d8	journal	February 2020
r -process Enrichment in the Galactic Halo Characterized by Nucleosynthesis Variation in the Ejecta of Coalescing Neutron Star Binaries Tsujimoto, Takuji; Nishimura, Nobuya; Kyutoku, Koutarou The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 889, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab655c	journal	January 2020
GROWTH on S190426c: Real-time Search for a Counterpart to the Probable Neutron Star–Black Hole Merger using an Automated Difference Imaging Pipeline for DECam Goldstein, Daniel A.; Andreoni, Igor; Nugent, Peter E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab3046	journal	August 2019
Abundances of disk and bulge giants from high-resolution optical spectra: II. O, Mg, Ca, and Ti in the bulge sample⋆ Jönsson, H.; Ryde, N.; Schultheis, M. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 598 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201629129	journal	February 2017
Evidence for ≳4 Gyr timescales of neutron star mergers from Galactic archaeology Skúladóttir, Á.; Salvadori, S. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 634 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201937293	journal	January 2020
Modelling the chemical evolution of Zr, La, Ce, and Eu in the Galactic discs and bulge Grisoni, V.; Cescutti, G.; Matteucci, F. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 492, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa051	journal	January 2020
Actinide-rich and Actinide-poor r -process-enhanced Metal-poor Stars Do Not Require Separate r -process Progenitors Holmbeck, Erika M.; Frebel, Anna; McLaughlin, G. C. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2a01	journal	August 2019
The Lanthanide Fraction Distribution in Metal-poor Stars: A Test of Neutron Star Mergers as the Dominant r -process Site Ji, Alexander P.; Drout, Maria R.; Hansen, Terese T. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 882, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab3291	journal	August 2019
Constraining Collapsar r -process Models through Stellar Abundances Macias, Phillip; Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 877, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab2049	journal	May 2019
Neutron-capture elements in dwarf galaxies: I. Chemical clocks and the short timescale of the r -process Skúladóttir, Á.; Hansen, C. J.; Salvadori, S. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 631 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936125	journal	November 2019
The lanthanide fraction distribution in metal-poor stars: a test of neutron star mergers as the dominant r-process site Ji, Alexander P.; Drout, Maria R.; Hansen, Terese T. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1905.01814	text	January 2019
Galactic r-process abundance feature shaped by radial migration Tsujimoto, Takuji; Baba, Junichi arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1905.08275	text	January 2019
Neutron-Capture Element Abundances in Planetary Nebulae Sterling, N. C. Galaxies, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies8020050	journal	June 2020

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