The CCSM4 Land Simulation, 1850–2005: Assessment of Surface Climate and New Capabilities

Lawrence, David M.; Oleson, Keith W.; Flanner, Mark G.; Fletcher, Christopher G.; Lawrence, Peter J.; Levis, Samuel; Swenson, Sean C.; Bonan, Gordon B.

doi:10.1175/jcli-d-11-00103.1

Title: The CCSM4 Land Simulation, 1850–2005: Assessment of Surface Climate and New Capabilities

Journal Article · Wed Mar 28 00:00:00 EDT 2012 · Journal of Climate

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00103.1· OSTI ID:1564910

Lawrence, David M. ^[1]; Oleson, Keith W. ^[1]; Flanner, Mark G. ^[2]; Fletcher, Christopher G. ^[3]; Lawrence, Peter J. ^[1]; Levis, Samuel ^[1]; Swenson, Sean C. ^[1]; Bonan, Gordon B. ^[1]

National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO (United States). Earth System Lab., and Climate and Global Dynamics Division
Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States). Dept. of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences
Univ. of Toronto, ON (Canada). Dept. of Physics

This paper reviews developments for the Community Land Model, version 4 (CLM4), examines the land surface climate simulation of the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4) compared to CCSM3, and assesses new earth system features of CLM4 within CCSM4. CLM4 incorporates a broad set of improvements including additions of a carbon–nitrogen (CN) biogeochemical model, an urban canyon model, and transient land cover and land use change, as well as revised soil and snow submodels. Several aspects of the surface climate simulation are improved in CCSM4. Improvements in the simulation of soil water storage, evapotranspiration, surface albedo, and permafrost that are apparent in offline CLM4 simulations are generally retained in CCSM4. The global land air temperature bias is reduced and the annual cycle is improved in many locations, especially at high latitudes. The global land precipitation bias is larger in CCSM4 because of bigger wet biases in central and southern Africa and Australia. New earth system capabilities are assessed. The present-day air temperature within urban areas is warmer than surrounding rural areas by 1°–2°C, which is comparable to or greater than the change in climate occurring over the last 130 years. The snow albedo feedback is more realistic and the radiative forcing of snow aerosol deposition is calculated as +0.083 W m^-2 for present day. The land carbon flux due to land use, wildfire, and net ecosystem production is a source of carbon to the atmosphere throughout most of the historical simulation. CCSM4 is increasingly suited for studies of the role of land processes in climate and climate change.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF); UT-Battelle LLC/ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN (United States); University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; FC03-97ER62402

OSTI ID:: 1564910

Journal Information:: Journal of Climate, Vol. 25, Issue 7; ISSN 0894-8755

Publisher:: American Meteorological SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 241 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (61)

Quantifying carbon-nitrogen feedbacks in the Community Land Model (CLM4): CARBON-NITROGEN FEEDBACKS IN CLM4 Bonan, Gordon B.; Levis, Samuel Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 37, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL042430	journal	April 2010
Landscapes as patches of plant functional types: An integrating concept for climate and ecosystem models: PLANT FUNCTIONAL TYPES AND CLIMATE MODELS Bonan, Gordon B.; Levis, Samuel; Kergoat, Laurent Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 16, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GB001360	journal	May 2002
The Land Surface Climatology of the Community Land Model Coupled to the NCAR Community Climate Model* Bonan, Gordon B.; Oleson, Keith W.; Vertenstein, Mariana Journal of Climate, Vol. 15, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<3123:TLSCOT>2.0.CO;2	journal	November 2002
Improving canopy processes in the Community Land Model version 4 (CLM4) using global flux fields empirically inferred from FLUXNET data Bonan, Gordon B.; Lawrence, Peter J.; Oleson, Keith W. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 116, Issue G2 https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JG001593	journal	January 2011
Uncertainty estimates in regional and global observed temperature changes: A new data set from 1850 Brohan, P.; Kennedy, J. J.; Harris, I. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, Issue D12 https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006548	journal	January 2006
The circumpolar active layer monitoring (calm) program: Research designs and initial results ¹ Brown, J.; Hinkel, K. M.; Nelson, F. E. Polar Geography, Vol. 24, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1080/10889370009377698	journal	July 2000
Gridded North American monthly snow depth and snow water equivalent for GCM evaluation Brown, Ross D.; Brasnett, Bruce; Robinson, David Atmosphere-Ocean, Vol. 41, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3137/ao.410101	journal	March 2003
The Community Climate System Model Version 3 (CCSM3) Collins, William D.; Bitz, Cecilia M.; Blackmon, Maurice L. Journal of Climate, Vol. 19, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3761.1	journal	June 2006
Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations Dai, Aiguo; Trenberth, Kevin E. Journal of Hydrometeorology, Vol. 3, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0660:EOFDFC>2.0.CO;2	journal	December 2002
The CCSM4 Ocean Component Danabasoglu, Gokhan; Bates, Susan C.; Briegleb, Bruce P. Journal of Climate, Vol. 25, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00091.1	journal	March 2012
The Community Land Model and Its Climate Statistics as a Component of the Community Climate System Model Dickinson, Robert E.; Oleson, Keith W.; Bonan, Gordon Journal of Climate, Vol. 19, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3742.1	journal	June 2006
Controls on Northern Hemisphere snow albedo feedback quantified using satellite Earth observations Fernandes, Richard; Zhao, Hongxu; Wang, Xuanji Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 36, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL040057	journal	January 2009
Assessing uncertainties in a second-generation dynamic vegetation model caused by ecological scale limitations Fisher, Rosie; McDowell, Nate; Purves, Drew New Phytologist, Vol. 187, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03340.x	journal	July 2010
Snowpack radiative heating: Influence on Tibetan Plateau climate Flanner, Mark G. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 32, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL022076	journal	January 2005
Linking snowpack microphysics and albedo evolution Flanner, Mark G.; Zender, Charles S. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, Issue D12 https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006834	journal	January 2006
Present-day climate forcing and response from black carbon in snow Flanner, Mark G.; Zender, Charles S.; Randerson, James T. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 112, Issue D11 https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD008003	journal	January 2007
Springtime warming and reduced snow cover from carbonaceous particles Flanner, M. G.; Zender, C. S.; Hess, P. G. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 9, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2481-2009	journal	January 2009
The Community Climate System Model Version 4 Gent, Peter R.; Danabasoglu, Gokhan; Donner, Leo J. Journal of Climate, Vol. 24, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1175/2011JCLI4083.1	journal	October 2011
Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature) Guenther, A.; Karl, T.; Harley, P. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-107-2006	journal	January 2006
The Role of Surface Albedo Feedback in Climate Hall, Alex Journal of Climate, Vol. 17, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<1550:TROSAF>2.0.CO;2	journal	April 2004
Using the current seasonal cycle to constrain snow albedo feedback in future climate change Hall, Alex; Qu, Xin Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 33, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025127	journal	January 2006
Predicted change in global secondary organic aerosol concentrations in response to future climate, emissions, and land use change: FUTURE PREDICTED CHANGE IN GLOBAL SOA Heald, C. L.; Henze, D. K.; Horowitz, L. W. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 113, Issue D5 https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009092	journal	March 2008
Improved Sea Ice Shortwave Radiation Physics in CCSM4: The Impact of Melt Ponds and Aerosols on Arctic Sea Ice Holland, Marika M.; Bailey, David A.; Briegleb, Bruce P. Journal of Climate, Vol. 25, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00078.1	journal	March 2012
The underpinnings of land-use history: three centuries of global gridded land-use transitions, wood-harvest activity, and resulting secondary lands Hurtt, G. C.; Frolking, S.; Fearon, M. G. Global Change Biology, Vol. 12, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01150.x	journal	July 2006
Towards global empirical upscaling of FLUXNET eddy covariance observations: validation of a model tree ensemble approach using a biosphere model Jung, M.; Reichstein, M.; Bondeau, A. Biogeosciences, Vol. 6, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-2001-2009	journal	January 2009
Recent decline in the global land evapotranspiration trend due to limited moisture supply Jung, Martin; Reichstein, Markus; Ciais, Philippe Nature, Vol. 467, Issue 7318 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09396	journal	October 2010
The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project Kalnay, E.; Kanamitsu, M.; Kistler, R. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 77, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2	journal	March 1996
Fire dynamics during the 20th century simulated by the Community Land Model Kloster, S.; Mahowald, N. M.; Randerson, J. T. Biogeosciences, Vol. 7, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1877-2010	journal	January 2010
Historical (1850–2000) gridded anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of reactive gases and aerosols: methodology and application Lamarque, J. -F.; Bond, T. C.; Eyring, V. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, Vol. 10, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-4963-2010	journal	January 2010
Incorporating organic soil into a global climate model Lawrence, David M.; Slater, Andrew G. Climate Dynamics, Vol. 30, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-007-0278-1	journal	June 2007
The contribution of snow condition trends to future ground climate Lawrence, David M.; Slater, Andrew G. Climate Dynamics, Vol. 34, Issue 7-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-009-0537-4	journal	February 2009
The Partitioning of Evapotranspiration into Transpiration, Soil Evaporation, and Canopy Evaporation in a GCM: Impacts on Land–Atmosphere Interaction Lawrence, David M.; Thornton, Peter E.; Oleson, Keith W. Journal of Hydrometeorology, Vol. 8, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM596.1	journal	August 2007
Sensitivity of a model projection of near-surface permafrost degradation to soil column depth and representation of soil organic matter Lawrence, David M.; Slater, Andrew G.; Romanovsky, Vladimir E. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 113, Issue F2 https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JF000883	journal	January 2008
Simulation of Present-Day and Future Permafrost and Seasonally Frozen Ground Conditions in CCSM4 Lawrence, David M.; Slater, Andrew G.; Swenson, Sean C. Journal of Climate, Vol. 25, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00334.1	journal	April 2012
Representing a new MODIS consistent land surface in the Community Land Model (CLM 3.0) Lawrence, Peter J.; Chase, Thomas N. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 112, Issue G1 https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JG000168	journal	January 2007
Climate change in cities due to global warming and urban effects: CLIMATE CHANGE IN CITIES McCarthy, Mark P.; Best, Martin J.; Betts, Richard A. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 37, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL042845	journal	May 2010
THE WCRP CMIP3 Multimodel Dataset: A New Era in Climate Change Research Meehl, Gerald A.; Covey, Curt; Delworth, Thomas Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 88, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-88-9-1383	journal	September 2007
An improved method of constructing a database of monthly climate observations and associated high-resolution grids Mitchell, Timothy D.; Jones, Philip D. International Journal of Climatology, Vol. 25, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1181	journal	January 2005
The Impact of Convection on ENSO: From a Delayed Oscillator to a Series of Events Neale, Richard B.; Richter, Jadwiga H.; Jochum, Markus Journal of Climate, Vol. 21, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2244.1	journal	November 2008
An observation-based formulation of snow cover fraction and its evaluation over large North American river basins Niu, Guo-Yue; Yang, Zong-Liang Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 112, Issue D21 https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008674	journal	January 2007
Contrasts between Urban and Rural Climate in CCSM4 CMIP5 Climate Change Scenarios Oleson, Keith Journal of Climate, Vol. 25, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00098.1	journal	March 2012
An Urban Parameterization for a Global Climate Model. Part I: Formulation and Evaluation for Two Cities Oleson, K. W.; Bonan, G. B.; Feddema, J. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 47, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JAMC1597.1	journal	April 2008
Improvements to the Community Land Model and their impact on the hydrological cycle: COMMUNITY LAND MODEL HYDROLOGY Oleson, K. W.; Niu, G. -Y.; Yang, Z. -L. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Vol. 113, Issue G1 https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000563	journal	March 2008
An examination of urban heat island characteristics in a global climate model Oleson, K. W.; Bonan, G. B.; Feddema, J. International Journal of Climatology, Vol. 31, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2201	journal	July 2010
Simulation of Global Land Surface Conditions from 1948 to 2004. Part I: Forcing Data and Evaluations Qian, Taotao; Dai, Aiguo; Trenberth, Kevin E. Journal of Hydrometeorology, Vol. 7, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM540.1	journal	October 2006
What Controls the Strength of Snow-Albedo Feedback? Qu, Xin; Hall, Alex Journal of Climate, Vol. 20, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI4186.1	journal	August 2007
Farming the planet: 1. Geographic distribution of global agricultural lands in the year 2000: GLOBAL AGRICULTURAL LANDS IN 2000 Ramankutty, Navin; Evan, Amato T.; Monfreda, Chad Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 22, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB002952	journal	January 2008
Barriers to predicting changes in global terrestrial methane fluxes: analyses using CLM4Me, a methane biogeochemistry model integrated in CESM Riley, W. J.; Subin, Z. M.; Lawrence, D. M. Biogeosciences, Vol. 8, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1925-2011	journal	January 2011
Effects of global irrigation on the near-surface climate Sacks, William J.; Cook, Benjamin I.; Buenning, Nikolaus Climate Dynamics, Vol. 33, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-008-0445-z	journal	July 2008
Effects of soil wetness, plant litter, and under-canopy atmospheric stability on ground evaporation in the Community Land Model (CLM3.5): NEW SCHEMES FOR CLM3.5 SOIL EVAPORATION Sakaguchi, Koichi; Zeng, Xubin Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 114, Issue D1 https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010834	journal	January 2009
Use of FLUXNET in the Community Land Model development: USE OF FLUXNET IN THE CLM DEVELOPMENT Stöckli, R.; Lawrence, D. M.; Niu, G. -Y. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Vol. 113, Issue G1 https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000562	journal	March 2008
An improved lake model for climate simulations: Model structure, evaluation, and sensitivity analyses in CESM1 Subin, Zachary M.; Riley, William J.; Mironov, Dmitrii Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 4 https://doi.org/10.1029/2011MS000072	journal	January 2012
The gravity recovery and climate experiment: Mission overview and early results: GRACE MISSION OVERVIEW AND EARLY RESULTS Tapley, B. D.; Bettadpur, S.; Watkins, M. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 31, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL019920	journal	May 2004
Influence of carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling on land model response to CO ₂ fertilization and climate variability : INFLUENCE OF CARBON-NITROGEN COUPLING Thornton, Peter E.; Lamarque, Jean-François; Rosenbloom, Nan A. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 21, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GB002868	journal	December 2007
Carbon-nitrogen interactions regulate climate-carbon cycle feedbacks: results from an atmosphere-ocean general circulation model Thornton, P. E.; Doney, S. C.; Lindsay, K. Biogeosciences, Vol. 6, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-2099-2009	journal	January 2009
Improving the treatment of the vertical snow burial fraction over short vegetation in the NCAR CLM3 Wang, Aihui; Zeng, Xubin Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 26, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-009-8098-3	journal	September 2009
Arctic Surface, Cloud, and Radiation Properties Based on the AVHRR Polar Pathfinder Dataset. Part I: Spatial and Temporal Characteristics Wang, Xuanji; Key, Jeffrey R. Journal of Climate, Vol. 18, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3438.1	journal	July 2005
Global Precipitation: A 17-Year Monthly Analysis Based on Gauge Observations, Satellite Estimates, and Numerical Model Outputs Xie, Pingping; Arkin, Phillip A. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 78, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<2539:GPAYMA>2.0.CO;2	journal	November 1997
Improving the Numerical Solution of Soil Moisture–Based Richards Equation for Land Models with a Deep or Shallow Water Table Zeng, Xubin; Decker, Mark Journal of Hydrometeorology, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JHM1011.1	journal	February 2009
Growing temperate shrubs over arid and semiarid regions in the Community Land Model-Dynamic Global Vegetation Model: GROWING TEMPERATE SHRUBS IN CLM-DGVM Zeng, Xiaodong; Zeng, Xubin; Barlage, Michael Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 22, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB003014	journal	July 2008
Further statistics on the distribution of permafrost and ground ice in the Northern Hemisphere ¹ Zhang, T.; Heginbottom, J. A.; Barry, R. G. Polar Geography, Vol. 24, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1080/10889370009377692	journal	April 2000

Cited By (56)

High predictability of terrestrial carbon fluxes from an initialized decadal prediction system Lovenduski, Nicole S.; Bonan, Gordon B.; Yeager, Stephen G. Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab5c55	journal	December 2019
Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Mass Loss: Recent Developments in Observation and Modeling van den Broeke, Michiel; Box, Jason; Fettweis, Xavier Current Climate Change Reports, Vol. 3, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-017-0084-8	journal	November 2017
LIVVkit 2.1: automated and extensible ice sheet model validation Evans, Katherine J.; Kennedy, Joseph H.; Lu, Dan Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 12, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-1067-2019	journal	January 2019
Evaluation of the carbon cycle components in the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM) Tjiputra, J. F.; Roelandt, C.; Bentsen, M. Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-301-2013	journal	January 2013
North Atlantic winter eddy-driven jet and atmospheric blocking variability in the Community Earth System Model version 1 Large Ensemble simulations Kwon, Young-Oh; Camacho, Alicia; Martinez, Carlos Climate Dynamics, Vol. 51, Issue 9-10 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4078-6	journal	January 2018
The role of large—scale BECCS in the pursuit of the 1.5°C target: an Earth system model perspective Muri, Helene Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aab324	journal	March 2018
Influence of dynamic vegetation on carbon-nitrogen cycle feedback in the Community Land Model (CLM4) Sakaguchi, K.; Zeng, X.; Leung, Lr Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa51d9	journal	December 2016
Factors affecting projected Arctic surface shortwave heating and albedo change in coupled climate models Holland, Marika M.; Landrum, Laura Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 373, Issue 2045 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0162	journal	July 2015
Impact of air–sea coupling on the simulated global tropical cyclone activity in the high-resolution Community Earth System Model (CESM) Li, Hui; Sriver, Ryan L. Climate Dynamics, Vol. 53, Issue 7-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04739-8	journal	March 2019
Radiative forcing in the ACCMIP historical and future climate simulations Shindell, D. T.; Lamarque, J. -F.; Schulz, M. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2939-2013	journal	January 2013
Description and basic evaluation of BNU-ESM version 1 Ji, D.; Wang, L.; Feng, J. Geoscientific Model Development Discussions, Vol. 7, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-7-1601-2014	journal	January 2014
Future projection of summer surface air temperature trend over central India: Role of external forcing and internal variability Nath, Reshmita; Luo, Yong; Chen, Wen International Journal of Climatology, Vol. 40, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6258	journal	August 2019
Large-scale features of Pliocene climate: results from the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Haywood, A. M.; Hill, D. J.; Dolan, A. M. Climate of the Past, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-191-2013	journal	January 2013
Potential surface hydrologic responses to increases in greenhouse gas concentrations and land use and land cover changes Hu, Zuheng; Xu, Zhongfeng; Ma, Zhuguo International Journal of Climatology, Vol. 39, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5844	journal	September 2018
Influence of winter precipitation on spring phenology in boreal forests Yun, Jeongmin; Jeong, Su-Jong; Ho, Chang-Hoi Global Change Biology, Vol. 24, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14414	journal	August 2018
Assessment of simulated soil moisture from WRF Noah, Noah-MP, and CLM land surface schemes for landslide hazard application Zhuo, Lu; Dai, Qiang; Han, Dawei Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 23, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4199-2019	journal	January 2019
Mineral Dust Instantaneous Radiative Forcing in the Arctic Kylling, A.; Groot Zwaaftink, C. D.; Stohl, A. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 45, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018gl077346	journal	May 2018
Evaluation and uncertainty analysis of regional-scale CLM4.5 net carbon flux estimates Post, Hanna; Hendricks Franssen, Harrie-Jan; Han, Xujun Biogeosciences, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-187-2018	journal	January 2018
Impacts of modified Richards equation on RegCM4 regional climate modeling over East Asia Yu, Yan; Xie, Zhenghui; Zeng, Xubin Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 119, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jd021872	journal	November 2014
Global patterns of drought deciduous phenology in semi-arid and savanna-type ecosystems Dahlin, Kyla M.; Ponte, Dominick Del; Setlock, Emily Ecography, Vol. 40, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.02443	journal	November 2016
Developing Subseasonal to Seasonal Climate Forecast Products for Hydrology and Water Management Baker, Sarah A.; Wood, Andrew W.; Rajagopalan, Balaji JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, Vol. 55, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12746	journal	December 2018
Antarctic glaciation caused ocean circulation changes at the Eocene–Oligocene transition Goldner, A.; Herold, N.; Huber, M. Nature, Vol. 511, Issue 7511 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13597	journal	July 2014
Description and basic evaluation of Beijing Normal University Earth System Model (BNU-ESM) version 1 Ji, D.; Wang, L.; Feng, J. Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 7, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2039-2014	journal	January 2014
Fate of water pumped from underground and contributions to sea-level rise Wada, Yoshihide; Lo, Min-Hui; Yeh, Pat J. -F. Nature Climate Change, Vol. 6, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3001	journal	May 2016
Predicting near-term variability in ocean carbon uptake Lovenduski, Nicole S.; Yeager, Stephen G.; Lindsay, Keith Earth System Dynamics, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-10-45-2019	journal	January 2019
Light-absorbing particles in snow and ice: Measurement and modeling of climatic and hydrological impact Qian, Yun; Yasunari, Teppei J.; Doherty, Sarah J. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 32, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-014-0010-0	journal	November 2014
Crop growth and irrigation interact to influence surface fluxes in a regional climate-cropland model (WRF3.3-CLM4crop) Lu, Yaqiong; Jin, Jiming; Kueppers, Lara M. Climate Dynamics, Vol. 45, Issue 11-12 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2543-z	journal	March 2015
Are GRACE-era Terrestrial Water Trends Driven by Anthropogenic Climate Change? Fasullo, J. T.; Lawrence, D. M.; Swenson, S. C. Advances in Meteorology, Vol. 2016 https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4830603	journal	January 2016
The challenge of simulating the warmth of the mid-Miocene climatic optimum in CESM1 Goldner, A.; Herold, N.; Huber, M. Climate of the Past, Vol. 10, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-523-2014	journal	January 2014
Does Antarctic glaciation cool the world? Goldner, A.; Huber, M.; Caballero, R. Climate of the Past, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-173-2013	journal	January 2013
Exploring historical and future urban climate in the Earth System Modeling framework: 1. Model development and evaluation: URBAN CLIMATE IN EARTH SYSTEM MODELS Li, Dan; Malyshev, Sergey; Shevliakova, Elena Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015ms000578	journal	June 2016
Environmental drivers of drought deciduous phenology in the Community Land Model Dahlin, K. M.; Fisher, R. A.; Lawrence, P. J. Biogeosciences, Vol. 12, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5061-2015	journal	January 2015
On the contribution of internal variability and external forcing factors to the Cooling trend over the Humid Subtropical Indo-Gangetic Plain in India Nath, Reshmita; Luo, Yong; Chen, Wen Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36311-5	journal	December 2018
Arctic climate response to forcing from light-absorbing particles in snow and sea ice in CESM Goldenson, N.; Doherty, S. J.; Bitz, C. M. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-7903-2012	journal	January 2012
Projections of leaf area index in earth system models Mahowald, Natalie; Lo, Fiona; Zheng, Yun Earth System Dynamics, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-211-2016	journal	January 2016
Evaluating litter decomposition in earth system models with long-term litterbag experiments: an example using the Community Land Model version 4 (CLM4) Bonan, Gordon B.; Hartman, Melannie D.; Parton, William J. Global Change Biology, Vol. 19, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12031	journal	October 2012
On the mechanisms of warming the mid-Pliocene and the inference of a hierarchy of climate sensitivities with relevance to the understanding of climate futures Chandan, Deepak; Peltier, W. Richard Climate of the Past, Vol. 14, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-825-2018	journal	January 2018
Stratospheric sulfate geoengineering could enhance the terrestrial photosynthesis rate Xia, L.; Robock, A.; Tilmes, S. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1479-2016	journal	January 2016
C ₄ photosynthesis and climate through the lens of optimality Zhou, Haoran; Helliker, Brent R.; Huber, Matthew Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 115, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1718988115	journal	November 2018
Ocean carbon inventory under warmer climate conditions – the case of the Last Interglacial Kessler, Augustin; Galaasen, Eirik Vinje; Ninnemann, Ulysses Silas Climate of the Past, Vol. 14, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1961-2018	journal	January 2018
Assessing the Contributions of Comet Impact and Volcanism Toward the Climate Perturbations of the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum Liu, Zeyang; Horton, Daniel E.; Tabor, Clay Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gl084818	journal	December 2019
Basin-scale assessment of the land surface water budget in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction operational and research NLDAS-2 systems: Water Budget in NLDAS-2 Xia, Youlong; Cosgrove, Brian A.; Mitchell, Kenneth E. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 121, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jd023733	journal	March 2016
Decomposing the meridional heat transport in the climate system Yang, Haijun; Li, Qing; Wang, Kun Climate Dynamics, Vol. 44, Issue 9-10 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2380-5	journal	October 2014
Radiative forcing in the ACCMIP historical and future climate simulations Shindell, D. T.; Lamarque, J. -F.; Schulz, M. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, Vol. 12, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-21105-2012	journal	January 2012
Dry and wet miombo woodlands of south-central Africa respond differently to climate change Jinga, Percy; Palagi, Jason Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 192, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-08342-x	journal	May 2020
The influence of canopy snow parameterizations on snow albedo feedback in boreal forest regions: Boreal forest snow albedo feedback Thackeray, Chad W.; Fletcher, Christopher G.; Derksen, Chris Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 119, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jd021858	journal	August 2014
Urbanization exacerbated the rainfall and flooding caused by hurricane Harvey in Houston Zhang, Wei; Villarini, Gabriele; Vecchi, Gabriel A. Nature, Vol. 563, Issue 7731 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0676-z	journal	November 2018
Evaluation of preindustrial to present-day black carbon and its albedo forcing from Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) Lee, Y. H.; Lamarque, J. -F.; Flanner, M. G. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2607-2013	journal	January 2013
Global Variability of Simulated and Observed Vegetation Growing Season Peano, D.; Materia, S.; Collalti, A. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Vol. 124, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jg004881	journal	November 2019
Assessment and Reduction of the Physical Parameterization Uncertainty for Noah‐MP Land Surface Model Gan, Yanjun; Liang, Xin‐Zhong; Duan, Qingyun Water Resources Research, Vol. 55, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019wr024814	journal	July 2019
Arctic climate response to forcing from light-absorbing particles in snow and sea ice in CESM Goldenson, N.; Doherty, S. J.; Bitz, C. M. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-5341-2012	journal	February 2012
Environmental drivers of drought deciduous phenology in the Community Land Model Dahlin, K. M.; Fisher, R. A.; Lawrence, P. J. Biogeosciences Discussions, Vol. 12, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-5803-2015	journal	January 2015
On the mechanisms of warming the mid-Pliocene and the inference of a hierarchy of climate sensitivities with relevance to the understanding of climate futures Chandan, Deepak; Peltier, W. Richard Climate of the Past Discussions https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-18	posted_content	March 2018
Does Antarctic glaciation cool the world? Goldner, A.; Huber, M.; Caballero, R. Climate of the Past Discussions https://doi.org/10.5194/cpd-8-2645-2012	posted_content	July 2012
Assessment of Simulated Soil Moisture from WRF Noah, Noah-MP, and CLM Land Surface Schemes for Landslide Hazard Application Zhuo, Lu; Dai, Qiang; Han, Dawei Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-95	posted_content	March 2019
Evaluation of the carbon cycle components in the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM) Tjiputra, J. F.; Roelandt, C.; Bentsen, M. Geoscientific Model Development Discussions, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-5-3035-2012	journal	January 2012

Similar Records

Simulating the biogeochemical and biogeophysical impacts of transient land cover change and wood harvest in the Community Climate System Model (CCSM4) from 1850 to 2100

Journal Article · Tue May 08 00:00:00 EDT 2012 · Journal of Climate · OSTI ID:1564910

Lawrence, Peter J.; Feddema, Johannes J.; Bonan, Gordon B.; +8 more

The Community Climate System Model Version 4

Journal Article · Sat Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 2011 · Journal of Climate · OSTI ID:1564910

Gent, Peter R; Danabasoglu, Gokhan; Donner, Leo J; +10 more

The Community Land Model Version 5: Description of New Features, Benchmarking, and Impact of Forcing Uncertainty

Journal Article · Thu Dec 12 00:00:00 EST 2019 · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · OSTI ID:1564910

Lawrence, David M.; Fisher, Rosie A.; Koven, Charles D.; +53 more

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Atmosphere-land interaction
Climate models
Land surface model
Model evaluation/performance
Biosphere-atmosphere interaction

Title: The CCSM4 Land Simulation, 1850–2005: Assessment of Surface Climate and New Capabilities

Citation Formats

References (61)

Cited By (56)

Similar Records

Related Subjects