Multimodal characterization of solution-processed Cu3SbS4 absorbers for thin film solar cells

Albuquerque, Gustavo H.; Kim, Ki-Joong; Lopez, Jonathon I.; Devaraj, Arun; Manandhar, Sandeep; Liu, Yi-Sheng; Guo, Jinghua; Chang, Chih Hung.; Herman, Gregory S.

doi:10.1039/c8ta00001h

Multimodal characterization of solution-processed Cu3SbS4 absorbers for thin film solar cells

Journal Article · Mon May 14 04:00:00 EDT 2018 · Journal of Materials Chemistry A

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta00001h· OSTI ID:1560645

Albuquerque, Gustavo H. ^[1]; Kim, Ki-Joong ^[1]; Lopez, Jonathon I. ^[1]; ^[2]; ^[3]; Liu, Yi-Sheng ^[4]; Guo, Jinghua ^[5]; Chang, Chih Hung. ^[1]; Herman, Gregory S. ^[6]

Oregon State University
BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Berkeley National Laboratory
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY

The most efficient inorganic thin film chalcogenide-based solar cells use CdTe or CuInGaSe2 (CIGS) as absorber layers, which rely on toxic (Cd) and/or scarce elements (In, Te). The desire for more sustainable solar cells has led to the development of Earth abundant and non-hazardous chalcogenide absorbers. Cu3SbS4 (famatinite) is a promising Earth abundant p-type semiconductor that has a low direct band gap (0.9–1.05 eV), is a superabsorber (absorption coefficient 104–105 cm1), and has potential in low-cost, thin-film solar cells. Although these properties make the Cu3SbS4 phase stand out as a promising material for photovoltaics, to date Cu3SbS4 solar cells have only achieved low efficiencies. In this study, we demonstrate a method for synthesizing Cu3SbS4 nanocrystals and formation of thin-films by coating nanocrystal precursors onto substrates. Optical, structural, and chemical state characterization were performed before and after thermal processing of the Cu3SbS4 films. A detailed experimental analysis of the bulk and surfaces of the Cu3SbS4 absorber films indicate that phase stability and preferential copper oxidation at the surface may limit device performance for Cu3SbS4 based solar cells. These findings may provide significant insight on how to improve Cu3SbS4 based solar cell performance by controlling processing conditions. This research was funded by the United States National Science Foundation – Scalable Nanomanufacturing program (Grant CBET-1449383). A portion of this research was performed at the Northwest Nanotechnology Infrastructure, a member of the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant ECCS- 1542101). The acquisition of the OSU Titan TEM was supported by the National Science Foundation via the Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) program under Grant No. 1040588, the Murdock Charitable Trust, and the Oregon Nanoscience and Microtechnologies Institute (ONAMI). XANES spectra were obtained through an approved program user proposal at the Advanced Light Source, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The ALS approved program user proposal beam time was obtained through the chemical imaging initiative, an LDRD program at PNNL. We acknowledge Trey Diulus and Dr Igor Lyubinetsky for their assistance with the XPS experiments.

Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

DOE Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1560645

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-136825

Journal Information:: Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Journal Name: Journal of Materials Chemistry A Journal Issue: 18 Vol. 6

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (83)

Optimization of reaction parameters in hydrothermal synthesis: a strategy towards the formation of CuS hexagonal plates Auyoong, Yow Loo; Yap, Pei Lay; Huang, Xing Chemistry Central Journal, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-153X-7-67	journal	January 2013
Size and Shape Effects on the Phase Diagrams of Nickel-Based Bimetallic Nanoalloys Guisbiers, G.; Mendoza-Pérez, R.; Bazán-Díaz, L. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 121, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b09115	journal	March 2017
Development of CZTS-based thin film solar cells Katagiri, Hironori; Jimbo, Kazuo; Maw, Win Shwe Thin Solid Films, Vol. 517, Issue 7, p. 2455-2460 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2008.11.002	journal	February 2009
Self-regulated growth and tunable properties of CuSbS2 solar absorbers Welch, Adam W.; Zawadzki, Pawel P.; Lany, Stephan Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 132 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2014.09.041	journal	January 2015
Solution-processed perovskite solar cells using environmentally friendly solvent system Feng, Yue; Jiang, Ke-Jian; Huang, Jin-Hua Thin Solid Films, Vol. 636 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2017.07.019	journal	August 2017
Selenization kinetics in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells prepared from nanoparticle inks Qu, Yongtao; Zoppi, Guillaume; Beattie, Neil S. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 158 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2015.12.016	journal	December 2016
Crystal structure and cation distribution in freibergite and tetrahedrite Peterson, R. C.; Miller, I. Mineralogical Magazine, Vol. 50, Issue 358 https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1986.050.358.19	journal	December 1986
Studies of the Sulfosalts of Copper III; Phases and Phase Relations in the System Cu-Sb-S Skinner, Brian J.; Luce, Frederick D.; Makovicky, Emil Economic Geology, Vol. 67, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.67.7.924	journal	November 1972
Growth and properties of Cu3SbS4 thin films prepared by a two-stage process for solar cell applications Chalapathi, U.; Poornaprakash, B.; Park, Si-Hyun Ceramics International, Vol. 43, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.01.048	journal	April 2017
Inner-orbital binding-energy shifts of antimony and bismuth compounds Morgan, Wayne E.; Stec, Wojciech J.; Van Wazer, John R. Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 12, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50122a054	journal	April 1973
Hybrid photovoltaic cells based on ZnO/Sb2S3/P3HT heterojunctions Liu, C. P.; Wang, H. E.; Ng, T. W. physica status solidi (b), Vol. 249, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201147393	journal	October 2011
Hybrid solar cells from Sb2S3 nanoparticle ink Wang, Wei; Strössner, Frank; Zimmermann, Eugen Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 172 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2017.07.046	journal	December 2017
Design Meets Nature: Tetrahedrite Solar Absorbers Heo, Jaeseok; Ravichandran, Ram; Reidy, Christopher F. Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201401506	journal	December 2014
Structural, optical and electrical properties of copper antimony sulfide thin films grown by a citrate-assisted single chemical bath deposition Loranca-Ramos, F. E.; Diliegros-Godines, C. J.; Silva González, R. Applied Surface Science, Vol. 427 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.08.027	journal	January 2018
Postsurface Selenization for High Performance Sb ₂ S ₃ Planar Thin Film Solar Cells Yuan, Shengjie; Deng, Hui; Yang, Xiaokun ACS Photonics, Vol. 4, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.7b00858	journal	October 2017
Scalably synthesized environmentally benign, aqueous-based binary nanoparticle inks for Cu ₂ ZnSn(S,Se) ₄ photovoltaic cells achieving over 9% efficiency Kim, Ki-Joong; Pan, Changqing; Bansal, Shalu Sustainable Energy & Fuels, Vol. 1, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6SE00035E	journal	January 2017
Photovoltaic determination of optical‐absorption coefficient in CdTe Mitchell, Kim; Fahrenbruch, Alan L.; Bube, Richard H. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 48, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.323636	journal	February 1977
On the sub-band gap optical absorption in heat treated cadmium sulphide thin film deposited on glass by chemical bath deposition technique Chattopadhyay, P.; Karim, B.; Guha Roy, S. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 114, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4853015	journal	December 2013
Fabrication and characterization of cost-efficient CuSbS2 thin film solar cells using hybrid inks Banu, Shahara; Ahn, Se Jin; Ahn, Seung Kyu Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 151 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2016.02.013	journal	July 2016
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of uranium and antimony mixed metal-oxide catalysts Delobel, René; Baussart, Hervé; Leroy, Jean-Marie Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases, Vol. 79, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/f19837900879	journal	January 1983
Solar cell efficiency tables (version 47): Solar cell efficiency tables Green, Martin A.; Emery, Keith; Hishikawa, Yoshihiro Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Vol. 24, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.2728	journal	November 2015
Near-infrared radiation absorption properties of covellite (CuS) using first-principles calculations Xiao, Lihua; Wu, Jianming; Ran, Jingyu AIP Advances, Vol. 6, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4962299	journal	August 2016
X-ray Spectroscopic Study of Cu ₂ S, CuS, and Copper Films Exposed to Na ₂ S Solutions Vegelius, J. R.; Kvashnina, K. O.; Hollmark, H. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 116, Issue 42 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp302390c	journal	October 2012
Thin film solar cell based on CuSbS 2 absorber prepared by chemical bath deposition (CBD) Macías, César; Lugo, Shadai; Benítez, Ángel Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 87 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2016.11.028	journal	March 2017
Selective synthesis and photoelectric properties of Cu3SbS4 and CuSbS2 nanocrystals Shi, Liang; Wu, Chunyan; Li, Jingjing Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 694 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.09.307	journal	February 2017
Studies of copper valence states with Cu L 3 x-ray-absorption spectroscopy Grioni, M.; Goedkoop, J. B.; Schoorl, R. Physical Review B, Vol. 39, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.39.1541	journal	January 1989
Fabrication of 7.2% Efficient CZTSSe Solar Cells Using CZTS Nanocrystals Guo, Qijie; Ford, Grayson M.; Yang, Wei-Chang Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 132, Issue 49 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja108427b	journal	December 2010
CZTS stoichiometry effects on the band gap energy Malerba, Claudia; Biccari, Francesco; Azanza Ricardo, Cristy Leonor Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 582 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.07.199	journal	January 2014
Correlations between CdTe/CdS/SnO ₂ /glass solar cell performance and the interface/surface properties Feng, Z. C.; Chou, H. C.; Rohatgi, A. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 79, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.361041	journal	February 1996
Thin film solar cell based on CuSbS2 absorber fabricated from an electrochemically deposited metal stack Septina, Wilman; Ikeda, Shigeru; Iga, Yuta Thin Solid Films, Vol. 550 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2013.11.046	journal	January 2014
ZnS grain size effects on near-resonant Raman scattering: optical non-destructive grain size estimation Fairbrother, Andrew; Izquierdo-Roca, Victor; Fontané, Xavier CrystEngComm, Vol. 16, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ce42578a	journal	January 2014
Structural studies of copper sulfide films: effect of ambient atmosphere Kundu, Manisha; Hasegawa, Tsuyoshi; Terabe, Kazuya Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/1468-6996/9/3/035011	journal	July 2008
Size Dependent Phase Diagrams of Nickel-Carbon Nanoparticles Magnin, Y.; Zappelli, A.; Amara, H. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.205502	journal	November 2015
Investigating the Surface Chemistry and Electrocatalysis of Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5 Anode Material Ni, Q.; Kirk, D. W.; Thorpe, S. J. ECS Transactions, Vol. 50, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1149/05019.0087ecst	journal	April 2013
Optical and Electrical Properties of Copper Sulfide Films of Variable Composition Grozdanov, Ivan; Najdoski, Metodija Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 114, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1006/jssc.1995.1070	journal	February 1995
19·9%-efficient ZnO/CdS/CuInGaSe ² solar cell with 81·2% fill factor Repins, Ingrid; Contreras, Miguel A.; Egaas, Brian Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Vol. 16, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.822	journal	May 2008
In situ growth of Sb 2 S 3 thin films by reactive sputtering on n-Si(100) substrates for top sub-cell of silicon based tandem solar cells Gao, Chunhui; Xu, Ming; Ng, Boon K. Materials Letters, Vol. 195 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2017.02.046	journal	May 2017
Investigation of Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 nanoparticles for thin-film solar cell applications Engberg, Sara; Agersted, Karsten; Crovetto, Andrea Thin Solid Films, Vol. 628 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2017.03.003	journal	April 2017
Enhanced performance by incorporation of zinc oxide nanowire array for organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells Liu, C. P.; Chen, Z. H.; Wang, H. E. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4728985	journal	June 2012
CuSbS ₂ as a Promising Earth-Abundant Photovoltaic Absorber Material: A Combined Theoretical and Experimental Study Yang, Bo; Wang, Liang; Han, Jun Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm500516v	journal	May 2014
Cu2ZnSnS4Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film solar cells prepared by non-vacuum processing Tanaka, Kunihiko; Oonuki, Masatoshi; Moritake, Noriko Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 93, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2008.12.009	journal	May 2009
Effects of Thermochemical Treatment on CuSbS ₂ Photovoltaic Absorber Quality and Solar Cell Reproducibility de Souza Lucas, Francisco Willian; Welch, Adam W.; Baranowski, Lauryn L. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 120, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b04206	journal	August 2016
Two-stage co-evaporated CuSbS2 thin films for solar cells Wan, Lei; Ma, Cheng; Hu, Ke Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 680 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.04.193	journal	September 2016
Highly Improved Sb ₂ S ₃ Sensitized-Inorganic-Organic Heterojunction Solar Cells and Quantification of Traps by Deep-Level Transient Spectroscopy Choi, Yong Chan; Lee, Dong Uk; Noh, Jun Hong Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 24, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201304238	journal	March 2014
The role of nanoparticle inks in determining the performance of solution processed Cu ₂ ZnSn(S,Se) ₄ thin film solar cells : Cu Qu, Yongtao; Zoppi, Guillaume; Beattie, Neil S. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Vol. 24, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.2756	journal	February 2016
Low-temperature synthesis of ultrathin Sb2S5 nanofibers and their application as highly selective Pb-adsorbents in water Park, Kang Hyun; Choi, Jaewon; Chun, Jiseul Chemical Communications, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1039/b716378a	journal	January 2008
Synthesis and optical characterization of nanocrystalline CdTe thin films Al-Ghamdi, A. A.; Khan, Shamshad A.; Nagat, A. Optics & Laser Technology, Vol. 42, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2010.03.007	journal	November 2010
Phase Transitions in the Cu-Sb-S System Braga, M. Helena; Ferreira, Jorge A.; Lopes, C. Materials Science Forum, Vol. 587-588 https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.587-588.435	journal	June 2008
Controlled Assembly of Sb2S3 Nanoparticles on Silica/Polymer Nanotubes: Insights into the Nature of Hybrid Interfaces Yang, Huaming; Li, Mei; Fu, Liangjie Scientific Reports, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01336	journal	February 2013
Recent advances in perovskite solar cells: efficiency, stability and lead-free perovskite Yang, Shida; Fu, Weifei; Zhang, Zhongqiang Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA00366H	journal	January 2017
Hydrazine solution processed CuSbSe 2 : Temperature dependent phase and crystal orientation evolution Yang, Bo; Wang, Chong; Yuan, Zhenkun Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 168 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2017.04.030	journal	August 2017
Core Levels, Band Alignments, and Valence-Band States in CuSbS ₂ for Solar Cell Applications Whittles, Thomas J.; Veal, Tim D.; Savory, Christopher N. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 9, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b14208	journal	November 2017
Selective Nanocrystal Synthesis and Calculated Electronic Structure of All Four Phases of Copper–Antimony–Sulfide Ramasamy, Karthik; Sims, Hunter; Butler, William H. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm5005642	journal	April 2014
Temperature dependent solvothermal synthesis of Cu-Sb-S nanoparticles with tunable structural and optical properties Bincy, John; G., Genifer Silvena; A., Leo Rajesh Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 95 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2017.07.026	journal	November 2017
Design prospects of cadmium telluride/silicon (CdTe/Si) tandem solar cells from numerical simulation Enam, F. M. T.; Rahman, K. S.; Kamaruzzaman, M. I. Optik, Vol. 139 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.03.106	journal	June 2017
Fabrication of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Films from Nanoparticles by Non-Vacuum Mechanochemical Method and Rapid Thermal Annealing Process Liu, Y.; Kong, D.; You, H. ECS Solid State Letters, Vol. 1, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.008202ssl	journal	January 2012
Nanoscale Imaging of Photocurrent and Efficiency in CdTe Solar Cells Leite, Marina S.; Abashin, Maxim; Lezec, Henri J. ACS Nano, Vol. 8, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn5052585	journal	October 2014
Synthesis and characterisation of famatinite copper antimony sulfide nanocrystals van Embden, Joel; Tachibana, Yasuhiro Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 22, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1039/c2jm32094k	journal	January 2012
Accelerated development of CuSbS ₂ thin film photovoltaic device prototypes : Accelerated development of CuSbS Welch, Adam W.; Baranowski, Lauryn L.; Zawadzki, Pawel Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Vol. 24, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.2735	journal	February 2016
Selective thin film synthesis of copper-antimony-sulfide using hybrid ink Cho, Ara; Banu, Shahara; Kim, Kihwan Solar Energy, Vol. 145 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2016.12.048	journal	March 2017
Chalcopyrite/defect chalcopyrite heterojunctions on the basis of CuInSe ₂ Schmid, D.; Ruckh, M.; Grunwald, F. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 73, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.353020	journal	March 1993
High-performance low-temperature solution-processed InGaZnO thin-film transistors via ultraviolet-ozone photo-annealing Su, Bo-Yuan; Chu, Sheng-Yuan; Juang, Yung-Der Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4804993	journal	May 2013
Low cost oxide-based deposition of Cu2FeSnS4 thin films for photovoltaic absorbers Chen, Guilin; Li, Jianmin; Chen, Shuiyuan Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 188 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2016.12.024	journal	February 2017
Phase Diagram of Continuous Binary Nanoalloys: Size, Shape, and Segregation Effects Cui, Mingjin; Lu, Haiming; Jiang, Haiping Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep41990	journal	February 2017
Characterization of defects in copper antimony disulfide Willian de Souza Lucas, Francisco; Peng, Haowei; Johnston, Steve J. Mater. Chem. A, Vol. 5, Issue 41 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA07012H	journal	January 2017
High efficiency solution-processed thin-film Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S) ₂ solar cells Zhang, Ting; Yang, Yixing; Liu, Deang Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 9, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6EE02352E	journal	January 2016
Direct measurement of Urbach tail and gap state absorption in CuGaSe2 thin films by photothermal deflection spectroscopy and the constant photocurrent method Meeder, A.; Marrón, D. Fuertes; Rumberg, A. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 92, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1501745	journal	September 2002
Urbach tail, disorder, and localized modes in ternary semiconductors Bonalde, Ismardo; Medina, Ernesto; Rodríguez, Miguel Physical Review B, Vol. 69, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.69.195201	journal	May 2004
Trade-Offs in Thin Film Solar Cells with Layered Chalcostibite Photovoltaic Absorbers Welch, Adam W.; Baranowski, Lauryn L.; Peng, Haowei Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201601935	journal	January 2017
Synthesizing three-dimensional ordered macroporous CuIn x Ga 1−x Se 2 thin films by template-assisted electrodeposition from modified ionic liquid Lian, Ye; Zhang, Jinqiu; Ma, Xiaochuan Ceramics International, Vol. 44, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.10.171	journal	February 2018
Near-Infrared Absorbing Cu ₁₂ Sb ₄ S ₁₃ and Cu ₃ SbS ₄ Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photoelectrochemistry van Embden, Joel; Latham, Kay; Duffy, Noel W. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 135, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja402702x	journal	July 2013
Advances in nanostructured thin film materials for solar cell applications Ali, N.; Hussain, A.; Ahmed, R. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 59 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.268	journal	June 2016
The Auger parameter and the study of chemical and electronic interactions at the Sb2Ox/SnO2 and Sb2Ox/Al2O3 interfaces Reiche, R.; Dobler, D.; Holgado, J. P. Surface Science, Vol. 537, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-6028(03)00606-X	journal	July 2003
Platelet CuSbS 2 particles with a suitable conduction band position for solar cell applications Moosakhani, Shima; Sabbagh Alvani, Ali Asghar; Mohammadpour, Raheleh Materials Letters, Vol. 215 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2017.12.084	journal	March 2018
Study on the synthesis and formation mechanism of flower-like Cu3SbS4 particles via microwave irradiation Chen, Guilin; Wang, Weihuang; Zhao, Jifu Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 679 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.04.042	journal	September 2016
In situ gas-solid reaction for fabrication of copper antimony sulfide thin film as photovoltaic absorber Zhang, Yu; Tian, Jianhua; Jiang, Kejian Materials Letters, Vol. 209 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2017.07.106	journal	December 2017
Low-Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition of CuSbS ₂ for Thin-Film Photovoltaics Riha, Shannon C.; Koegel, Alexandra A.; Emery, Jonathan D. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 9, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b13033	journal	January 2017
Fabrication of polymer solar cells from organic nanoparticle dispersions by doctor blading or ink-jet printing Sankaran, Sivaramakrishnan; Glaser, Konstantin; Gärtner, Stefan Organic Electronics, Vol. 28 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2015.10.011	journal	January 2016
Selective production of CuSbS ₂ , Cu ₃ SbS ₃ , and Cu ₃ SbS ₄ nanoparticles using a hot injection protocol Ikeda, Shigeru; Sogawa, Shinji; Tokai, Yuji RSC Adv., Vol. 4, Issue 77 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA07648F	journal	January 2014
Interface Engineering of Inorganic Thin-Film Solar Cells - Materials-Science Challenges for Advanced Physical Concepts Jaegermann, Wolfram; Klein, Andreas; Mayer, Thomas Advanced Materials, Vol. 21, Issue 42 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200802457	journal	June 2009
CuSbS2 thin films by rapid thermal processing of Sb2S3-Cu stack layers for photovoltaic application Vinayakumar, V.; Shaji, S.; Avellaneda, D. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 164 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2017.02.005	journal	May 2017
Deposition and Characterization of Low-Cost Spray Pyrolyzed Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) Thin-Films for Large-Area High-Efficiency Heterojunction Solar Cells Das, S.; Frye, C.; Muzykov, P. G. ECS Transactions, Vol. 45, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.3701535	journal	April 2012
Thin Film Solar Cells: Materials Science at Interfaces Fritsche, J.; Klein, A.; Jaegermann, W. Advanced Engineering Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.200500126	journal	October 2005

Similar Records

Novel wide band gap materials for highly efficient thin film tandem solar cells. Final report

Technical Report · Mon Jun 11 00:00:00 EDT 2012 · OSTI ID:1042702

Surface Treatment of CuInGaSe2 Thin Films and Its Effect on the Photovoltaic Properties of Solar Cells: Preprint

Conference · Mon Sep 30 20:00:00 EDT 2002 · OSTI ID:15002214

Environmental Assessment and Finding of No Significant Impact: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies at Sandia National Laboratories/New Mexico

Technical Report · Sun Mar 30 23:00:00 EST 2003 · OSTI ID:823495

Multimodal characterization of solution-processed Cu3SbS4 absorbers for thin film solar cells

Citation Formats

References (83)

Similar Records

Related Subjects