The impact of tribology on energy use and CO2 emission globally and in combustion engine and electric cars

Holmberg, Kenneth; Erdemir, Ali

doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2019.03.024

Title: The impact of tribology on energy use and CO₂ emission globally and in combustion engine and electric cars

Journal Article · Tue Mar 12 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Tribology International

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2019.03.024· OSTI ID:1559285

Holmberg, Kenneth ^[1]; Erdemir, Ali ^[2]

Technical Research Centre of Finland (Finland)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Growing concerns over energy and environmental sustainability have lately sparked worldwide interest in more efficient and cleaner transportation systems and industrial activities. Friction roughly consumes one-fifth of all energy used worldwide. One-third of all energy used in transportation goes to overcome friction. At the same time, the fruits of decades of dedicated research on all-electric vehicles powered by advanced batteries are paving the way toward a much cleaner and sustainable transportation future. In this article, we provide a short overview of what are the energy efficiency and environmental impacts of current transportation, industrial, and residential systems and how much of that efficiency is adversely affected by friction and wear losses in moving mechanical parts and components. We also touch upon recent advances in new materials, lubricants, and design changes that could reduce energy losses by 18–40%, mainly resulting from friction and wear. The savings would be up to 8.7% of the total global energy use and 1.4% of the gross national products (GNP). Finally, we calculate the energy consumption and friction losses in battery-powered electric passenger cars and show the benefit of electric cars where the total energy use is in average 3.4 times lower compared to combustion engine powered cars. The CO₂ emissions are 4.5 times higher for a combustion engine car compared to an electric car when the electricity comes from renewable energy sources. Moving from fossil to renewable energy sources may cut down the energy losses due to friction in energy production by more than 60%.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1559285

Journal Information:: Tribology International, Vol. 135, Issue C; ISSN 0301-679X

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 182 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (42)

Influence of tribology on global energy consumption, costs and emissions Holmberg, Kenneth; Erdemir, Ali Friction, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-017-0183-5	journal	September 2017
Energy Saving through Tribology: A Techno-Economic Study Jost, H. Peter; Schofield, J. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 195, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1243/PIME_PROC_1981_195_016_02	journal	June 1981
Global energy consumption due to friction in passenger cars Holmberg, Kenneth; Andersson, Peter; Erdemir, Ali Tribology International, Vol. 47 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2011.11.022	journal	March 2012
Global energy consumption due to friction in trucks and buses Holmberg, Kenneth; Andersson, Peter; Nylund, Nils-Olof Tribology International, Vol. 78 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2014.05.004	journal	October 2014
Global energy consumption due to friction and wear in the mining industry Holmberg, Kenneth; Kivikytö-Reponen, Päivi; Härkisaari, Pirita Tribology International, Vol. 115 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2017.05.010	journal	November 2017
Global energy consumption due to friction in paper machines Holmberg, Kenneth; Siilasto, Roope; Laitinen, Tarja Tribology International, Vol. 62 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2013.02.003	journal	June 2013
Energy efficiency technologies for road vehicles Kobayashi, Shigeki; Plotkin, Steven; Ribeiro, Suzana Kahn Energy Efficiency, Vol. 2, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-008-9037-3	journal	January 2009
Synthesis of diamondlike carbon films with superlow friction and wear properties Erdemir, A.; Eryilmaz, O. L.; Fenske, G. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 18, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.582459	journal	July 2000
Diamond-like carbon coating under oleic acid lubrication: Evidence for graphene oxide formation in superlow friction De Barros Bouchet, Maria Isabel; Martin, Jean Michel; Avila, José Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep46394	journal	April 2017
High-Temperature Vapor Phase Lubrication Using Carbonaceous Gases Argibay, Nicolas; Keith, James H.; Krick, Brandon A. Tribology Letters, Vol. 40, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-009-9514-7	journal	September 2009
Influence of Organic Friction Modifier on Liquid Slip: A New Mechanism of Organic Friction Modifier Action Choo, Jian-Huei; Forrest, Andrew K.; Spikes, Hugh A. Tribology Letters, Vol. 27, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-007-9231-z	journal	May 2007
Carbon-based tribofilms from lubricating oils Erdemir, Ali; Ramirez, Giovanni; Eryilmaz, Osman L. Nature, Vol. 536, Issue 7614 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18948	journal	August 2016
Nanoparticles as novel lubricating additives in a green, physically based lubrication technology for DLC coatings Kalin, M.; Kogovšek, J.; Remškar, M. Wear, Vol. 303, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2013.03.009	journal	June 2013
Nano-lubrication: A review Kim, Hyun-Joon; Seo, Kuk-Jin; Kang, Kyeong Hee International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, Vol. 17, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-016-0102-0	journal	June 2016
Multi-Phase Friction and Wear Reduction by Copper Nanopartices Scherge, Matthias; Böttcher, Roman; Kürten, Dominik Lubricants, Vol. 4, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants4040036	journal	October 2016
Fuel consumption and friction benefits of low viscosity engine oils for heavy duty applications Tormos, Bernardo; Ramírez, Leonardo; Johansson, Jens Tribology International, Vol. 110 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2017.02.007	journal	June 2017
An improved hydrodynamic journal bearing with the boundary slippage Zhang, Yongbin Meccanica, Vol. 50, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11012-014-0064-1	journal	October 2014
Ionic Liquids as Lubricant Additives: A Review Zhou, Yan; Qu, Jun ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 9, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b12489	journal	January 2017
Improving fuel efficiency with laser surface textured piston rings Etsion, I.; Sher, E. Tribology International, Vol. 42, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2008.02.015	journal	April 2009
Improving Tribological Performance of Piston Rings by Partial Surface Texturing Kligerman, Y.; Etsion, I.; Shinkarenko, A. Journal of Tribology, Vol. 127, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1866171	journal	June 2005
The Effect of Laser Texturing of Steel Surfaces and Speed-Load Parameters on the Transition of Lubrication Regime from Boundary to Hydrodynamic Kovalchenko, Andriy; Ajayi, Oyelayo; Erdemir, Ali Tribology Transactions, Vol. 47, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1080/05698190490440902	journal	April 2004
Testing piston rings with partial laser surface texturing for friction reduction Ryk, G.; Etsion, I. Wear, Vol. 261, Issue 7-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2006.01.031	journal	October 2006
Looking into a laser textured piston ring-liner contact Vlădescu, Sorin-Cristian; Ciniero, Alessandra; Tufail, Khizer Tribology International, Vol. 115 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2017.04.051	journal	November 2017
Structural superlubricity and ultralow friction across the length scales Hod, Oded; Meyer, Ernst; Zheng, Quanshui Nature, Vol. 563, Issue 7732 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0704-z	journal	November 2018
Friction fade-out at polymer-like carbon films slid by ZrO ₂ pins under hydrogen environment Nosaka, Masataka; Mifune, Akira; Kawaguchi, Masahiro Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, Vol. 229, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1177/1350650115569857	journal	January 2015
Macroscale superlubricity enabled by graphene nanoscroll formation Berman, D.; Deshmukh, S. A.; Sankaranarayanan, S. K. R. S. Science, Vol. 348, Issue 6239 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1262024	journal	May 2015
Operando tribochemical formation of onion-like-carbon leads to macroscale superlubricity Berman, Diana; Narayanan, Badri; Cherukara, Mathew J. Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03549-6	journal	March 2018
Macroscale Superlubricity Achieved With Various Liquid Molecules: A Review Ge, Xiangyu; Li, Jinjin; Luo, Jianbin Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 5 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmech.2019.00002	journal	February 2019
Measurement of power loss during electric vehicle charging and discharging Apostolaki-Iosifidou, Elpiniki; Codani, Paul; Kempton, Willett Energy, Vol. 127 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.03.015	journal	May 2017
Impact of the electricity mix and use profile in the life-cycle assessment of electric vehicles Faria, Ricardo; Marques, Pedro; Moura, Pedro Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 24 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.03.063	journal	August 2013
Estimation of the Effects of Auxiliary Electrical Loads on Hybrid Electric Vehicle Fuel Economy Rhodes, Kevin; Kok, Daniel; Sohoni, Pallav WCX™ 17: SAE World Congress Experience, SAE Technical Paper Series https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-1155	conference	April 2017
Selection of the Optimal Gearbox Layout for an Electric Vehicle Sorniotti, Aldo; Subramanyan, Saviyen; Turner, Andy SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-0946	journal	April 2011
A review of energy sources and energy management system in electric vehicles Tie, Siang Fui; Tan, Chee Wei Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 20 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.11.077	journal	April 2013
Impact of SiC Devices on Hybrid Electric and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Zhang, Hui; Tolbert, Leon M.; Ozpineci, Burak IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 47, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2010.2102734	journal	March 2011
Evaluation of the benefits of the introduction of electricity powered vehicles in an island Baptista, Patrícia C.; Silva, Carla M.; Peças Lopes, J. A. Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 76 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2013.07.075	journal	December 2013
Well-to-wheels energy consumption and emissions of electric vehicles: Mid-term implications from real-world features and air pollution control progress Ke, Wenwei; Zhang, Shaojun; He, Xiaoyi Applied Energy, Vol. 188 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.12.011	journal	February 2017
Impact of Recycling on Cradle-to-Gate Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Automotive Lithium-Ion Batteries Dunn, Jennifer B.; Gaines, Linda; Sullivan, John Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 46, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1021/es302420z	journal	October 2012
Optimal Charging/Discharging Control for Electric Vehicles Considering Power System Constraints and Operation Costs Leou, Rong-Ceng IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 31, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2448722	journal	May 2016
Energy analysis of electric vehicles using batteries or fuel cells through well-to-wheel driving cycle simulations Campanari, Stefano; Manzolini, Giampaolo; Garcia de la Iglesia, Fernando Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 186, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.09.115	journal	January 2009
Stray Load Loss Analysis of Induction Motor—Comparison of Measurement Due to IEEE Standard 112 and Direct Calculation by Finite-Element Method Yamazaki, K.; Haruishi, Y. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 40, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2004.824509	journal	March 2004
The potential for brake energy regeneration under Swedish conditions Björnsson, Lars-Henrik; Karlsson, Sten Applied Energy, Vol. 168 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.01.051	journal	April 2016
Comparative Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Conventional and Electric Vehicles Hawkins, Troy R.; Singh, Bhawna; Majeau‐Bettez, Guillaume Journal of Industrial Ecology, Vol. 17, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00532.x	journal	August 2012

Cited By (7)

Effect of surface polishing on the tribological performance of hard coatings under lubricated three-body abrasive conditions Gheisari, Reza; Bashandeh, Kian; Polycarpou, Andreas A. Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties, Vol. 7, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ab40ff	journal	September 2019
Synthesis of Biomass‐Derived Ethers for Use as Fuels and Lubricants Rorrer, Julie E.; Bell, Alexis T.; Toste, F. Dean ChemSusChem, Vol. 12, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201900535	journal	May 2019
Investigations of the Friction Losses of Different Engine Concepts. Part 2: Sub-Assembly Resolved Friction Loss Comparison of Three Engines Knauder, Christoph; Allmaier, Hannes; Sander, David E. Lubricants, Vol. 7, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants7120105	journal	November 2019
Molecular Coverage Determines Sliding Wear Behavior of n-Octadecylphosphonic Acid Functionalized Cu–O Coated Steel Disks against Aluminum Prünte, Stephan; Music, Denis; Terziyska, Velislava RWTH Aachen University https://doi.org/10.18154/rwth-2020-00339	text	January 2020
Molecular Coverage Determines Sliding Wear Behavior of n-Octadecylphosphonic Acid Functionalized Cu–O Coated Steel Disks against Aluminum Prünte, Stephan; Music, Denis; Terziyska, Velislava L. Materials, Vol. 13, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13020280	journal	January 2020
Upcycling Single-Use Polyethylene into High-Quality Liquid Products Celik, Gokhan; Kennedy, Robert M.; Hackler, Ryan A. ACS Central Science, Vol. 5, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.9b00722	journal	September 2019
Lubricant film formation in rough surface non-conformal conjunctions subjected to GPa pressures and high slide-to-roll ratios Hansen, Jonny; Björling, Marcus; Larsson, Roland Scientific Reports, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77434-y	journal	December 2020

Similar Records

Opportunity to Plug Your Car Into the Electric Grid is Arriving

Journal Article · Tue Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2010 · Smart Energy Living · OSTI ID:1559285

Griego, G

Nanocoatings for High-Efficiency Industrial Hydraulic and Tooling Systems

Technical Report · Fri Jan 07 00:00:00 EST 2011 · OSTI ID:1559285

Higdon, III, Clifton B

Batteries Annual Progress Report (FY2019)

Technical Report · Fri May 01 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · OSTI ID:1559285

Taggougui, Mohamed; Thakur, Madhuri; Hayner, Cary; +144 more

Related Subjects

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION
Electric car
Friction
Energy
Impact

Title: The impact of tribology on energy use and CO2 emission globally and in combustion engine and electric cars

Citation Formats

References (42)

Cited By (7)

Similar Records

Related Subjects

Title: The impact of tribology on energy use and CO₂ emission globally and in combustion engine and electric cars