Characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs for nEXO

Journal Article · Tue Jun 18 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.05.096· OSTI ID:1557100

Gallina, G.; Giampa, P.; Retière, F.; Kroeger, J.; Zhang, G.; Ward, M.; Margetak, P.; Li, G.; Tsang, T.; Doria, L.; Al Kharusi, S.; Alfaris, M.; Anton, G.; Arnquist, I. J.; Badhrees, I.; Barbeau, P. S.; Beck, D.; Belov, V.; Bhatta, T.; Blatchford, J. ; Brodsky, J. P.; Brown, E.; Brunner, T.; Cao, G. F.; Cao, L.; Cen, W. R.; Chambers, C.; Charlebois, S. A.; Chiu, M.; Cleveland, B.; Coon, M.; Craycraft, A.; Dalmasson, J.; Daniels, T.; Darroch, L.; Daugherty, S. J.; De St. Croix, A.; Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A.; DeVoe, R.; Dilling, J.; Ding, Y. Y.; Dolinski, M. J.; Dragone, A.; Echevers, J.; Elbeltagi, M.; Fabris, L.; Fairbank, D.; Fairbank, W.; Farine, J.; Feyzbakhsh, S.; Fontaine, R.; Gautam, P.; Giacomini, G.; Gornea, R.; Gratta, G.; Hansen, E. V.; Heffner, M.; Hoppe, E. W.; Hößl, J.; House, A.; Hughes, M.; Ito, Y.; Iverson, A.; Jamil, A.; Jewell, M. J.; Jiang, X. S.; Karelin, A.; Kaufman, L. J.; Kodroff, D.; Koffas, T.; Krücken, R.; Kuchenkov, A.; Kumar, K. S.; Lan, Y.; Larson, A.; Lenardo, B. G.; Leonard, D. S.; Li, S.; Li, Z.; Licciardi, C.; Lin, Y. H.; Lv, P.; MacLellan, R.; McElroy, T.; Medina-Peregrina, M.; Michel, T.; Mong, B.; Moore, D. C.; Murray, K.; Nakarmi, P.; Newby, R. J.; Ning, Z.; Njoya, O.; Nolet, F.; Nusair, O.; Odgers, K.; Odian, A.; Oriunno, M.; Orrell, J. L.; Ortega, G. S.; Ostrovskiy, I.; Overman, C. T.; Parent, S.; Piepke, A.; Pocar, A.; Pratte, J. -F.; Qiu, D.; Radeka, V.; Raguzin, E.; Rescia, S.; Richman, M.; Robinson, A.; Rossignol, T.; Rowson, P. C.; Roy, N.; Saldanha, R.; Sangiorgio, S.; Skarpaas, K.; Soma, A. K.; St-Hilaire, G.; Stekhanov, V.; Stiegler, T.; Sun, X. L.; Tarka, M.; Todd, J.; Tolba, T.; Totev, T. I.; Tsang, R.; Vachon, F.; Veeraraghavan, V.; Visser, G.; Vuilleumier, J. -L.; Wagenpfeil, M.; Walent, M.; Wang, Q.; Watkins, J.; Weber, M.; Wei, W.; Wen, L. J.; Wichoski, U.; Wu, S. X.; Wu, W. H.; Wu, X.; Xia, Q.; Yang, H.; Yang, L.; Yen, Y. -R.; Zeldovich, O.; Zhao, J.; Zhou, Y.; Ziegler, T.

Here, we report on the characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 (S/N: S13370-6152) Vacuum Ultra-Violet (VUV) sensitive Silicon Photo-Multipliers (SiPMs) as part of the development of a solution for the detection of liquid xenon scintillation light for the nEXO experiment. Various SiPM features, such as: dark noise, gain, correlated avalanches, direct crosstalk and Photon Detection Eciency (PDE) were measured in a dedicated setup at TRIUMF. SiPMs were characterized in the range 163 K ≤ T ≤ 233 K. At an over voltage of 3.1 ± 0.2 V and at T = 163 K we report a number of Correlated Avalanches (CAs) per pulse in the 1μs interval following the trigger pulse of 0.161 ± 0.005. At the same settings the Dark-Noise (DN) rate is 0.137 ± 0.002 Hz/mm². Both the number of CAs and the DN rate are within nEXO specifications. The PDE of the Hamamatsu VUV4 was measured for two dierent devices at T = 233 K for a mean wavelength of 189 ± 7 nm. At 3.6 ± 0.2 V and 3.5 ± 0.2 V of over voltage we report a PDE of 13.4 ± 2.6 % and 11 ± 2%, corresponding to a saturation PDE of 14.8 ± 2.8 % and 12.2 ± 2.3%, respectively. Both values are well below the 24 % saturation PDE advertised by Hamamatsu. More generally, the second device tested at 3.5 ± 0.2 V of over voltage is below the nEXO PDE requirement. The first one instead yields a PDE that is marginally close to meeting the nEXO specifications. In conclusion, this suggests that with modest improvements the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs could be considered as an alternative to the FBKLF SiPMs for the final design of the nEXO detector.

• Research Organization: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Leland Stanford Junior Univ., Redwood City, CA (United States); Univ. of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI); Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies (FRQNT); McDonald Institute; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF); Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program
• Contributing Organization: nEXO; nEXO Collaboration
• Grant/Contract Number: SC0012704; AC52-07NA27344; SC0017970; AC05-76RL01830; FG02-01ER41166
• OSTI ID: 1557100
• Alternate ID(s): OSTI ID: 1660435; OSTI ID: 1691743; OSTI ID: 1831058; OSTI ID: 1835030
• Report Number(s): BNL-211967-2019-JAAM; LLNL-JRNL-805155
• Journal Information: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 940, Issue C; ISSN 0168-9002
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Hamamatsu
MPPCs
VUV4
SiPMs
nEXO
PDE