Facile incorporation of technetium into magnetite, magnesioferrite, and hematite by formation of ferrous nitrate in situ: precursors to iron oxide nuclear waste forms

Lukens, Wayne W.; Saslow, Sarah A.

doi:10.1039/c8dt01356j

Facile incorporation of technetium into magnetite, magnesioferrite, and hematite by formation of ferrous nitrate in situ: precursors to iron oxide nuclear waste forms

Journal Article · Tue Jul 17 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Dalton Transactions

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/c8dt01356j· OSTI ID:1550810

^[1]; ^[2]

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

The fission product,⁹⁹Tc, presents significant challenges to the long-term disposal of nuclear waste due to its long half-life, high fission yield, and to the environmental mobility of pertechnetate (TcO₄^–), the stable Tc species in aerobic environments. Here, the migration of ⁹⁹Tc from disposal sites can potentially be prevented by incorporating it into durable waste forms based on environmentally stable minerals.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Environmental Management (EM); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC02-76SF00515; AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1550810

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1460584
OSTI ID: 1485476

Journal Information:: Dalton Transactions, Journal Name: Dalton Transactions Journal Issue: 30 Vol. 47; ISSN 1477-9226; ISSN ICHBD9

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (83)

Preparation, characterization, crystal and molecular structure of Na ₂ [N(CH ₂ COO) ₃ ⁹⁹ Tc(IV) (μ-O) ₂ ⁹⁹ Tc(IV)N(CH ₂ COO) ₃ ] · 6H ₂ O Anderegg, Giorgio; Müller, Edgar; Zollinger, Kurt Helvetica Chimica Acta, Vol. 66, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19830660528	journal	July 1983
Structural and Magnetic Properties of Sn-, Ti-, and Mg-Substituted α-Fe2O3: A Study by Neutron Diffraction and Mössbauer Spectroscopy Berry, Frank J.; Greaves, Colin; Helgason, Örn Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 151, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1006/jssc.1999.8605	journal	May 2000
Saturation magnetisation, coercivity and lattice parameter changes in the system Fe3O4-?Fe2O3, and their relationship to structure Goss, C. J. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, Vol. 16, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00203200	journal	November 1988
Magnesioferrite from the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, Caravaca, Spain Bohor, Bruce F.; Foord, Eugene E.; Ganapathy, Ramachandran Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 81, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(86)90100-7	journal	December 1986
Magnesioferrite spinel in Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary sediments of the Pacific basin: Remnants of hot, early ejecta from the Chicxulub impact? Kyte, Frank T.; Bostwick, Jennifer A. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 132, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(95)00051-D	journal	May 1995
Formation of uniform spherical magnetite particles by crystallization from ferrous hydroxide gels Sugimoto, Tadao; Matijević, Egon Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 74, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(80)90187-3	journal	March 1980
Preparation of manganese ferrite fine particles from aqueous solution Tang, Z. X.; Sorensen, C. M.; Klabunde, K. J. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 146, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(91)90004-R	journal	October 1991
Crystal chemistry of some technetium-containing oxides Muller, O.; White, W. B.; Roy, R. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Vol. 26, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(64)80152-4	journal	December 1964
Thermal and physicochemical properties important for the long term behavior of nuclear waste glasses Matzke, Hj.; Vernaz, E. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 201 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(93)90186-3	journal	May 1993
The solubility of technetium in the near-field environment of a radioactive waste repository Pilkington, N. J. Journal of the Less Common Metals, Vol. 161, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(90)90028-I	journal	July 1990
High-level radioactive solid waste form evaluation: Model for predicting leaching behavior Solomah, Ahmad Gabr; Zumwalt, Lloyd R. Nuclear and Chemical Waste Management, Vol. 3, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-815X(82)90058-4	journal	January 1982
Altérabilité des minéraux titanés (ilménite et rutile) et mobilité du titane dans les profils d'altération du secteur d'Ovala (Gabon) Edou-Minko, A.; Colin, F.; Trescases, J. J. Journal of African Earth Sciences, Vol. 21, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00074-4	journal	August 1995
Climatic implications of surface domains in arrays of δD and δ18O from hydroxyl minerals: goethite as an example Yapp, Crayton J. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 64, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00347-1	journal	June 2000
Synthesis and X-ray structure of a new Tc(IV) oxalato complex: K4[(C2O4)2Tc(μ-O)2Tc(C2O4)2]·3H2O Alberto, R.; Anderegg, G.; Albinati, A. Inorganica Chimica Acta, Vol. 178, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-1693(00)88144-X	journal	December 1990
Weathering geochronology by (U-Th)/He dating of goethite Shuster, David L.; Vasconcelos, Paulo M.; Heim, Jonathan A. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 69, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2004.07.028	journal	February 2005
Treatment of radioactive wastes: An X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of the reaction of technetium with green rust Pepper, Sarah E.; Bunker, Debbie J.; Bryan, Nicholas D. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 268, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2003.08.024	journal	December 2003
Synthesis and properties of titanomagnetite (Fe3−xTixO4) nanoparticles: A tunable solid-state Fe(II/III) redox system Pearce, C. I.; Qafoku, O.; Liu, J. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 387, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2012.06.092	journal	December 2012
Acid decomposition and thiourea leaching of silver from hazardous jarosite residues: Effect of some cations on the stability of the thiourea system Calla-Choque, D.; Nava-Alonso, F.; Fuentes-Aceituno, J. C. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 317 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.085	journal	November 2016
Volatile species of technetium and rhenium during waste vitrification Kim, Dongsang; Kruger, Albert A. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol. 481 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2017.10.013	journal	February 2018
Water diffusion in the simulated French nuclear waste glass SON 68 contacting silica rich solutions: Experimental and modeling Ferrand, K.; Abdelouas, A.; Grambow, B. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 355, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.04.005	journal	September 2006
Solid state diffusion during nuclear glass residual alteration in solution Chave, T.; Frugier, P.; Ayral, A. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 362, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.095	journal	May 2007
Iron oxide waste form for stabilizing 99Tc Um, Wooyong; Chang, Hyunshik; Icenhower, Jonathan P. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 429, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2012.06.004	journal	October 2012
Radiation effects in Zr and Hf containing garnets Whittle, Karl R.; Blackford, Mark G.; Smith, Katherine L. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 462 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.02.007	journal	July 2015
Incorporating technetium in minerals and other solids: A review Luksic, Steven A.; Riley, Brian J.; Schweiger, Michael Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 466 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.08.052	journal	November 2015
Evidences of the stability of magnetite in soil from Northeastern Argentina by Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetization measurements Causevic, H.; Morrás, H.; Mijovilovich, A. Physica B: Condensed Matter, Vol. 354, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2004.09.081	journal	December 2004
The HighScore suite Degen, Thomas; Sadki, Mustapha; Bron, Egbert Powder Diffraction, Vol. 29, Issue S2 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0885715614000840	journal	October 2014
Aqueous Synthesis of Technetium-Doped Titanium Dioxide by Direct Oxidation of Titanium Powder, a Precursor for Ceramic Nuclear Waste Forms Lukens, Wayne W.; Saslow, Sarah A. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b03567	journal	November 2017
Technetium Incorporation into Goethite (α-FeOOH): An Atomic-Scale Investigation Smith, Frances N.; Taylor, Christopher D.; Um, Wooyong Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 49, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b03354	journal	October 2015
Computational Investigation of Technetium(IV) Incorporation into Inverse Spinels: Magnetite (Fe ₃ O ₄ ) and Trevorite (NiFe ₂ O ₄ ) Smith, Frances N.; Um, Wooyong; Taylor, Christopher D. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 50, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00200	journal	April 2016
Incorporation of Technetium into Spinel Ferrites Lukens, Wayne W.; Magnani, Nicola; Tyliszczak, Tolek Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 50, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04209	journal	November 2016
Reduction and Simultaneous Removal of ⁹⁹ Tc and Cr by Fe(OH) ₂ (s) Mineral Transformation Saslow, Sarah A.; Um, Wooyong; Pearce, Carolyn I. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 51, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b02278	journal	July 2017
Charge-Coupled Substituted Garnets (Y _{3– x} Ca _{0.5 x} M _{0.5 x} )Fe ₅ O ₁₂ (M = Ce, Th): Structure and Stability as Crystalline Nuclear Waste Forms Guo, Xiaofeng; Kukkadapu, Ravi K.; Lanzirotti, Antonio Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 54, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00444	journal	March 2015
Ion-Exchange Interdiffusion Model with Potential Application to Long-Term Nuclear Waste Glass Performance Neeway, James Joseph; Kerisit, Sebastien N.; Liu, Jia The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 120, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b03681	journal	April 2016
Dissimilar Behavior of Technetium and Rhenium in Borosilicate Waste Glass as Determined by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Lukens, Wayne W.; McKeown, David A.; Buechele, Andrew C. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm0622001	journal	February 2007
Iron(III) Hydrolysis and Solubility at 25 °C Stefánsson, Andri Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 41, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1021/es070174h	journal	September 2007
Technetium Incorporation into Hematite (α-Fe ₂ O ₃ ) Skomurski, Frances N.; Rosso, Kevin M.; Krupka, Kenneth M. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 44, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1021/es100069x	journal	August 2010
Interactions of Tc(IV) with Humic Substances Boggs, Mark A.; Minton, Travis; Dong, Wenming Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 45, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/es103390z	journal	April 2011
Immobilization of 99-Technetium (VII) by Fe(II)-Goethite and Limited Reoxidation Um, Wooyong; Chang, Hyun-Shik; Icenhower, Jonathan P. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 45, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/es104343p	journal	June 2011
Dissolution of Technetium(IV) Oxide by Natural and Synthetic Organic Ligands under both Reducing and Oxidizing Conditions Gu, Baohua; Dong, Wenming; Liang, Liyuan Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 45, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/es200110y	journal	June 2011
Incorporation and Retention of 99-Tc(IV) in Magnetite under High pH Conditions Marshall, Timothy A.; Morris, Katherine; Law, Gareth T. W. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 48, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1021/es503438e	journal	October 2014
Technetium bis(.mu.-oxo) dimers of 1,4,7-triazacyclonane-N,N',N''-triacetate (TCTA). Synthesis and characterization of [(TCTA)Tc(.mu.-O)2Tc(TCTA)]n- (n = 2, 3) and the crystal structure of Ba2[(TCTA)Tc(.mu.-O)2Tc(TCTA)](ClO4).9H2O Linder, Karen E.; Dewan, John C.; Davison, Alan Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 28, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00319a014	journal	October 1989
Preparation, characterization, and crystal, molecular, and electronic structure of (H2EDTA)99TcIV(.mu.-O)299TcIV(H2EDTA).cntdot.5H2O. A 2.33-.ANG. Tc-Tc distance which may represent a .sigma.2.pi.2.delta.*2 bond Buergi, H. B.; Anderegg, G.; Blaeuenstein, P. Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 20, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50225a046	journal	November 1981
Magnetite Fe ₃ O ₄ Nanocrystals: Spectroscopic Observation of Aqueous Oxidation Kinetics ^† Tang, Jing; Myers, Matt; Bosnick, Ken A. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 107, Issue 30 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp027048e	journal	July 2003
Thermodynamic Model for the Solubility of TcO ₂ · xH ₂ O(am) in the Aqueous Tc(IV) – Na ⁺ – Cl ^- – H ⁺ – OH ^- – H ₂ O System Hess, Nancy J.; Xia, Yuanxian; Rai, Dhanpat Journal of Solution Chemistry, Vol. 33, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOSL.0000030285.11512.1f	journal	February 2004
Mechanism of Oxidation of Magnetite to γ-Fe2O3 Gallagher, K. J.; Feitknecht, W.; Mannweiler, U. Nature, Vol. 217, Issue 5134 https://doi.org/10.1038/2171118a0	journal	March 1968
Immobilisation of high level nuclear reactor wastes in SYNROC Ringwood, A. E.; Kesson, S. E.; Ware, N. G. Nature, Vol. 278, Issue 5701 https://doi.org/10.1038/278219a0	journal	March 1979
Impeding 99Tc(IV) mobility in novel waste forms Lee, Mal-Soon; Um, Wooyong; Wang, Guohui Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12067	journal	June 2016
Magnetosomes could be protective shields against metal stress in magnetotactic bacteria Muñoz, D.; Marcano, L.; Martín-Rodríguez, R. Scientific Reports, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68183-z	journal	July 2020
Systematic XAS study on the reduction and uptake of Tc by magnetite and mackinawite Yalçıntaş, Ezgi; Scheinost, Andreas C.; Gaona, Xavier Dalton Transactions, Vol. 45, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6DT02872A	journal	January 2016
Synthesis and characterization of ultrafine nickel( II )-bearing ferrites (Ni _x Fe _{3 –x} O ₄ , x= 0.14–1.0) Kodama, Tatsuya; Wada, Yuji; Yamamoto, Takashi J. Mater. Chem., Vol. 5, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/JM9950501413	journal	January 1995
A Variation of the F-Test for Determining Statistical Relevance of Particular Parameters in EXAFS Fits Downward, L.; Booth, C. H.; Lukens, W. W. X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE - XAFS13: 13th International Conference, AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2644450	conference	January 2007
Jarosites: A Review Das, G. K.; Acharya, S.; Anand, S. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, Vol. 16, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1080/08827509708914135	journal	December 1996
Ab initio curved-wave x-ray-absorption fine structure Mustre de Leon, J.; Rehr, J. J.; Zabinsky, S. I. Physical Review B, Vol. 44, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.44.4146	journal	September 1991
Report to the American Physical Society by the study group on nuclear fuel cycles and waste management Hebel, L. Charles; Christensen, Eldon L.; Donath, Fred A. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 50, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.50.S1	journal	January 1978
Synchrotron X-ray study of the electron density in α-Fe ₂ O ₃ Maslen, E. N.; Streltsov, V. A.; Streltsova, N. R. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Vol. 50, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108768194002284	journal	August 1994
Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides Shannon, R. D. Acta Crystallographica Section A, Vol. 32, Issue 5, p. 751-767 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0567739476001551	journal	September 1976
IFEFFIT : interactive XAFS analysis and FEFF fitting Newville, Matthew Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0909049500016964	journal	March 2001
Lattice parameters and site occupancy factors of magnetite–maghemite core–shell nanoparticles. A critical study Cervellino, Antonio; Frison, Ruggero; Cernuto, Giuseppe Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 47, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576714019840	journal	September 2014
⁹⁹ Tc- and ²³⁹ Pu-Doped Glass Leaching Experiments: Residual Alteration Rate and Radionuclide Behavior Rolland, Séverine; Tribet, Magaly; Jégou, Christophe International Journal of Applied Glass Science, Vol. 4, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.12051	journal	October 2013
Disposal of high-level nuclear wastes: a geological perspective Ringwood, A. E. Mineralogical Magazine, Vol. 49, Issue 351 https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1985.049.351.04	journal	April 1985
Actinides and radiation effects: impact on the back-end of the nuclear fuel cycle Ewing, R. C. Mineralogical Magazine, Vol. 75, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2011.075.4.2359	journal	August 2011
ATHENA and ARTEMIS Interactive Graphical Data Analysisusing IFEFFIT Ravel, B.; Newville, M. Physica Scripta https://doi.org/10.1238/Physica.Topical.115a01007	journal	January 2005
The Formation of Manganese and Cobalt Ferrites by the Air Oxidation of Aqueous Suspensions and Their Properties Kiyama, Masao Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, Vol. 51, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.51.134	journal	January 1978
The Formation of Mg-bearing Ferrite by the Air Oxidation of Aqueous Suspensions Kaneko, Ken; Katsura, Takashi Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, Vol. 52, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.52.747	journal	March 1979
Formation of Zn-bearing Ferrite by Air Oxidation of Aqueous Suspension Kanzaki, Tadao; Nakajima, Jun-ichiro; Tamaura, Yutaka Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, Vol. 54, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.54.135	journal	January 1981
Dissolution of Iron Oxides and Oxyhydroxides in Hydrochloric and Perchloric Acids Sidhu, P. S. Clays and Clay Minerals, Vol. 29, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1981.0290404	journal	January 1981
Hematite and Goethite from Duricrusts Developed by Lateritic Chemical Weathering of Precambrian Banded Iron Formations, Minas Gerais, Brazil Ramanaidou, E. Clays and Clay Minerals, Vol. 44, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1996.0440102	journal	January 1996
Chemistty of the Purex Process Mckibben, J. Malvyn Radiochimica Acta, Vol. 36, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.1984.36.12.3	journal	January 1984
Complexation of Technetium with Humic Acid Sekine, T.; Watanabe, A.; Yoshihara, K. Radiochimica Acta, Vol. 63, Issue s1 https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.1993.63.special-issue.87	journal	January 1993
Studies on the Immobilization of Technetium under Near Field Geochemical Conditions Kunze, S.; Neck, V.; Gompper, K. Radiochimica Acta, Vol. 74, Issue s1 https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.1996.74.special-issue.159	journal	January 1996
Redox behavior of Tc(VII)/Tc(IV) under various reducing conditions in 0.1 M NaCl solutions Kobayashi, Taishi; Scheinost, Andreas C.; Fellhauer, D. Radiochimica Acta, Vol. 101, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.2013.2040	journal	May 2013
Synthesis of nickel–chromium–zinc ferrite powders from stainless steel pickling liquors López-Delgado, Aurora; López, Felix A.; de Vidales, José L. Martín Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 14, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1999.0463	journal	August 1999
Leaching Tc-99 from SRP Glass in Simulated Tuff and Salt Groundwaters Bibler, N. E.; Jurgensen, A. R. MRS Proceedings, Vol. 112 https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-112-585	journal	January 1987
Simultaneous Evaporation of CS and TC During Vitrification-A Thermochemical Approach Migge, H. MRS Proceedings, Vol. 176 https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-176-411	journal	January 1989
The Release of Technetium from Defense Waste Processing Facility Glasses Ebert, W. L.; Wolf, S. F.; Bates, J. K. MRS Proceedings, Vol. 412 https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-412-221	journal	January 1995
Technetium Volatilization During HLLW Vitrification Lammertz, H.; Merz, E.; Halaszovich, S. T. MRS Proceedings, Vol. 44 https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-44-823	journal	January 1984
Tc-99 and Cs-137 Volatility from the DWPF Production Melter During Vitrification of the First Macrobatch of HLW Sludge at the Savannah River Site Bibler, N. E.; Fellinger, T. L.; Marra, S. L. MRS Proceedings, Vol. 608 https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-608-697	journal	January 1999
Nuclear Waste Glasses - How Durable? Grambow, B. Elements, Vol. 2, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.2.6.357	journal	December 2006
Crystal chemistry of the magnetite-ulvospinel series Bosi, F.; Halenius, U.; Skogby, H. American Mineralogist, Vol. 94, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2009.3002	journal	January 2009
Diffusion in Oxides Van Orman, J. A.; Crispin, K. L. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Vol. 72, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2010.72.17	journal	January 2010
The biogeochemistry of technetium: A review of the behavior of an artificial element in the natural environment Icenhower, J. P.; Qafoku, N. P.; Zachara, J. M. American Journal of Science, Vol. 310, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.2475/08.2010.02	journal	October 2010
[環境におけるテクネチウム] Ishii, Toshiaki; Sakuragi, Tomofumi RADIOISOTOPES, Vol. 55, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.55.485	journal	January 2006
Systematic XAS study on the reduction and uptake of Tc by magnetite and mackinawite Yalçintaş, E.; Scheinost, A. C.; Gaona, X. Karlsruhe https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000062883	text	January 2016

Cited By (1)

The abiotic reductive removal and subsequent incorporation of Tc( iv ) into iron oxides: a frontier review Boglaienko, Daria; Levitskaia, Tatiana G. Environmental Science: Nano, Vol. 6, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9en00903e	journal	January 2019

Similar Records

Facile incorporation of technetium into magnetite, magnesioferrite, and hematite by formation of ferrous nitrate in situ : precursors to iron oxide nuclear waste forms

Journal Article · Sun Dec 31 23:00:00 EST 2017 · Dalton Transactions · OSTI ID:1485476

Incorporation of Technetium into Spinel Ferrites

Journal Article · Sun Nov 20 19:00:00 EST 2016 · Environmental Science and Technology · OSTI ID:1482510

Related Subjects

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE WASTES FROM NUCLEAR FACILITIES

Facile incorporation of technetium into magnetite, magnesioferrite, and hematite by formation of ferrous nitrate in situ: precursors to iron oxide nuclear waste forms

Citation Formats

References (83)

Cited By (1)

Similar Records

Related Subjects