GREET® Analysis for TERRA/ROOTS Success Scenarios
- Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2), significantly amended under the U.S. Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007, calls for production of 36 billion gallons of renewable fuels by 2022. To qualify as a renewable fuel under RFS2, fuels must achieve a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as compared to a 2005 petroleum baseline. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is responsible for evaluating if a certain biofuel pathway meets EISA reduction targets, based on lifecycle analysis (LCA). Typically, the tools/models for biofuel LCA describe the full bioenergy pathway including farm input manufacturing (e.g. fertilizers), feedstock production, conversion processing at the bio-refinery, and land use change (LUC) prompted by increased feedstock production and calculate the amount of GHGs emitted per unit of biofuel produced. This type of information has been a critical driver of public opinion and national policy. LCA technique has also been utilized by California Air Resources Board (CARB)’s Low-Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) to evaluate the lifecycle carbon intensity (CI) of biofuels. Through this program, California seeks to reduce the GHG emissions from transportation fuel and has committed to reduce the state’s transportation GHG emissions by 20% by 2030. This program operates through a system of tradable permits that are valued based on the difference in CI of alternative fuels and the fuel they displace (e.g. ethanol and gasoline). Lower CI fuels generate LCFS credits that increase in value as this difference gets larger. In 2018, CO2 in the LCFS market was priced at $$\$$$$160/metric ton.
- Research Organization:
- Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC02-06CH11357
- OSTI ID:
- 1546782
- Report Number(s):
- ANL--19/24; 154029
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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