Tungsten oxide nanostructures and nanocomposites for photoelectrochemical water splitting

Zheng, Guangwei; Wang, Jinshu; Liu, Hu; Murugadoss, Vignesh; Zu, Guannan; Che, Haibing; Lai, Chen; Li, Hongyi; Ding, Tao; Gao, Qiang; Guo, Zhanhu

doi:10.1039/C9NR03474A

Tungsten oxide nanostructures and nanocomposites for photoelectrochemical water splitting

Journal Article · Fri Jun 28 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Nanoscale

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/C9NR03474A· OSTI ID:1546539

Zheng, Guangwei ^[1]; ^[2]; ^[3]; Murugadoss, Vignesh ^[4]; Zu, Guannan ^[2]; Che, Haibing ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[2]; Ding, Tao ^[5]; ^[6]; ^[7]

Beijing Univ. of Technology (China); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
Beijing Univ. of Technology (China)
Zhengzhou Univ. (China)
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Pondicherry Univ. (India)
Henan Univ., Kaifeng (China)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

Hydrogen production from photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting using semiconductor photocatalysts has attracted great attention to realize clean and renewable energy from solar energy. The visible light response of WO₃ with a long hole diffusion length (~150 nm) and good electron mobility (~12 cm² V^–1 s^–1) makes it suitable as the photoanode. Yet, WO₃ suffers from issues including rapid recombination of photoexcited electron–hole pairs, photo-corrosion during the photocatalytic process due to the formation of peroxo-species, sluggish kinetics of photogenerated holes, and slow charge transfer at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface. Our report highlights the approaches to overcome these drawbacks of WO₃ photoanodes, including: (i) the manipulation of nanostructured WO₃ photoanodes to decrease the nanoparticle size to promote hole migration to the WO₃/electrolyte interface which benefits the charge separation; (ii) doping or introducing oxygen vacancies to improve electrical conductivity; exposing high energy crystal surfaces to promote the consumption of photogenerated holes on the high-active crystal face, thereby suppressing the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes; (iii) decorating with co-catalysts to reduce the overpotential which inhibits the formation of peroxo-species; (iv) other methods such as coupling with narrow band semiconductors to accelerate the charge separation and controlling the crystal phase via annealing to reduce defects. These methods are reviewed with detailed examples.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22); Beijing Natural Science Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1546539

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1559057

Journal Information:: Nanoscale, Journal Name: Nanoscale Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 2019; ISSN NANOHL; ISSN 2040-3364

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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A tree-like nanoporous WO ₃ photoanode with enhanced charge transport efficiency for photoelectrochemical water oxidation Shin, Sun; Han, Hyun Soo; Kim, Ju Seong Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 3, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA00823A	journal	January 2015
A nanostructured chromium( iii ) oxide/tungsten( vi ) oxide p–n junction photoanode toward enhanced efficiency for water oxidation Hu, Zhuofeng; Xu, Mingkun; Shen, Zhurui Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 3, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA02528A	journal	January 2015
Assembly of g-C ₃ N ₄ -based type II and Z-scheme heterojunction anodes with improved charge separation for photoelectrojunction water oxidation Wang, Cai-He; Qin, Dong-Dong; Shan, Duo-Liang Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CP08066A	journal	January 2017
Review of two-dimensional materials for photocatalytic water splitting from a theoretical perspective Li, Yunguo; Li, Yan-Ling; Sa, Baisheng Catalysis Science & Technology, Vol. 7, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CY02178F	journal	January 2017
Mesoporous thin film WO ₃ photoanode for photoelectrochemical water splitting: a sol–gel dip coating approach Hilliard, Samantha; Baldinozzi, Guido; Friedrich, Dennis Sustainable Energy & Fuels, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6SE00001K	journal	January 2017
Insights into the electronic bands of WO ₃ /BiVO ₄ /TiO ₂ , revealing high solar water splitting efficiency Kalanur, Shankara S.; Yoo, Il-Han; Park, Jucheol Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TA07592D	journal	January 2017
Extraordinary rate capability achieved by a 3D “skeleton/skin” carbon aerogel–polyaniline hybrid with vertically aligned pores Liu, Mingkai; Li, Bomin; Zhou, Hang Chemical Communications, Vol. 53, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CC00121E	journal	January 2017
A highly conductive carbon–sulfur film with interconnected mesopores as an advanced cathode for lithium–sulfur batteries Liu, Mingkai; Liu, Yuqing; Yan, Yan Chemical Communications, Vol. 53, Issue 65 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CC04523A	journal	January 2017
Construction of WO ₃ –g-C ₃ N ₄ composites as efficient photocatalysts for pharmaceutical degradation under visible light Zhu, Wenyu; Sun, Faqian; Goei, Ronn Catalysis Science & Technology, Vol. 7, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CY00529F	journal	January 2017
Two-step hydrothermally synthesized carbon nanodots/WO ₃ photocatalysts with enhanced photocatalytic performance Song, Bo; Wang, Tingting; Sun, Honggang Dalton Transactions, Vol. 46, Issue 45 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7DT03003G	journal	January 2017
Spontaneous polarization field-enhanced charge separation for an iron oxide photo-catalyst Johnson, J.; Bakranov, N.; Moniruddin, M. New Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 41, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7NJ03629A	journal	January 2017
Temperature-controlled evolution of microstructures that promote charge separation in a TaON photoanode for enhanced solar energy conversion Pei, Lang; Xu, Zhe; Yan, Shicheng Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA02704D	journal	January 2017
Enhanced photopromoted electron transfer over a bilayer WO ₃ n–n heterojunction prepared by RF diode sputtering Chiarello, Gian Luca; Bernareggi, Massimo; Pedroni, Matteo J. Mater. Chem. A, Vol. 5, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA03887A	journal	January 2017
Elegant Z-scheme-dictated g-C ₃ N ₄ enwrapped WO ₃ superstructures: a multifarious platform for versatile photoredox catalysis Liang, Zhi-Yu; Wei, Jin-Xin; Wang, Xiu Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 30 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA04333C	journal	January 2017
Template-engineered epitaxial BiVO ₄ photoanodes for efficient solar water splitting Song, Jaesun; Cha, Jaeseong; Lee, Mi Gyoung Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA04695B	journal	January 2017
Mg-doped Ta ₃ N ₅ nanorods coated with a conformal CoOOH layer for water oxidation: bulk and surface dual modification of photoanodes Pei, Lang; Xu, Zhe; Shi, Zhan Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA06227C	journal	January 2017
Constructing noble-metal-free Z-scheme photocatalytic overall water splitting systems using MoS ₂ nanosheet modified CdS as a H ₂ evolution photocatalyst Yuan, Yong-Jun; Chen, Daqin; Yang, Shuhui J. Mater. Chem. A, Vol. 5, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA06644A	journal	January 2017
Solution-processed yolk–shell-shaped WO ₃ /BiVO ₄ heterojunction photoelectrodes for efficient solar water splitting Jin, Bingjun; Jung, Eunji; Ma, Ming Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA08452H	journal	January 2018
Sub-nano CoO _x attached onto WO ₃ for efficient photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water oxidation Huang, Xiubing; Zhao, Guixia; Wang, Ge Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA08734A	journal	January 2017
WO ₃ photoanodes with controllable bulk and surface oxygen vacancies for photoelectrochemical water oxidation Zhang, Jijie; Chang, Xiaoxia; Li, Chengcheng Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA10056F	journal	January 2018
A theoretical study on the electronic properties of in-plane CdS/ZnSe heterostructures: type-II band alignment for water splitting Yang, Hongchao; Li, Jinjin; Yu, Lin Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA10624F	journal	January 2018
Efficient solid-state perovskite solar cells based on nanostructured zinc oxide designed by strategic low temperature water oxidation Pelicano, Christian Mark; Yanagi, Hisao Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 5, Issue 32 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TC01934C	journal	January 2017
An overview of metamaterials and their achievements in wireless power transfer Sun, Kai; Fan, Runhua; Zhang, Xihua Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 6, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TC03384B	journal	January 2018
Ultra-long-term cycling stability of an integrated carbon–sulfur membrane with dual shuttle-inhibiting layers of graphene “nets” and a porous carbon skin Liu, Mingkai; Meng, Qinghua; Yang, Zhiyuan Chemical Communications, Vol. 54, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CC01889H	journal	January 2018
Nanosheet-based Nb ₁₂ O ₂₉ hierarchical microspheres for enhanced lithium storage Li, Renjie; Zhu, Xiangzhen; Fu, Qingfeng Chemical Communications, Vol. 55, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CC09924C	journal	January 2019
In situ grown nickel selenide on graphene nanohybrid electrodes for high energy density asymmetric supercapacitors Kirubasankar, Balakrishnan; Murugadoss, Vignesh; Lin, Jing Nanoscale, Vol. 10, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NR06345A	journal	January 2018
Urchin-like NiO–NiCo ₂ O ₄ heterostructure microsphere catalysts for enhanced rechargeable non-aqueous Li–O ₂ batteries Zhao, Wen; Li, Xiaomin; Yin, Rui Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NR08457B	journal	January 2019
Heterostructured WO ₃ @CoWO ₄ bilayer nanosheets for enhanced visible-light photo, electro and photoelectro-chemical oxidation of water Zhang, Huayang; Tian, Wenjie; Li, Yunguo Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TA00555A	journal	January 2018
Photogenerated-carrier separation along edge dislocation of WO ₃ single-crystal nanoflower photoanode Bu, Yuyu; Ren, Jun; Zhang, Huawei Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TA00796A	journal	January 2018
Oxygen vacancy derived local build-in electric field in mesoporous hollow Co ₃ O ₄ microspheres promotes high-performance Li-ion batteries Hou, Chuanxin; Hou, Yue; Fan, Yuqi Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TA00975A	journal	January 2018
High performance MnO@C microcages with a hierarchical structure and tunable carbon shell for efficient and durable lithium storage Hou, Chuanxin; Tai, Zhixin; Zhao, Lanling Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TA02863J	journal	January 2018
Epitaxial growth of WO ₃ nanoneedles achieved using a facile flame surface treatment process engineering of hole transport and water oxidation reactivity Shi, Xinjian; Cai, Lili; Choi, Il Yong Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TA04081H	journal	January 2018
A heterojunction strategy to improve the visible light sensitive water splitting performance of photocatalytic materials Afroz, Khurshida; Moniruddin, Md; Bakranov, Nurlan Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TA04165B	journal	January 2018
Highly efficient uranium adsorption by salicylaldoxime/polydopamine graphene oxide nanocomposites Qian, Yongxin; Yuan, Yihui; Wang, Heliang Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TA09486A	journal	January 2018
An overview of lead-free piezoelectric materials and devices Wei, Huige; Wang, Hui; Xia, Yijie Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 6, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TC04515A	journal	January 2018
Sandwich-like NiCo layered double hydroxide/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite cathodes for high energy density asymmetric supercapacitors Le, Kai; Wang, Zhou; Wang, Fenglong Dalton Transactions, Vol. 48, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1039/C9DT00615J	journal	January 2019
Surface intercalated spherical MoS _2x Se _2(1−x) nanocatalysts for highly efficient and durable hydrogen evolution reactions Lin, Bo; Lin, Zhiping; Chen, Shougang Dalton Transactions, Vol. 48, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1039/C9DT01218D	journal	January 2019
One-pot synthesized molybdenum dioxide–molybdenum carbide heterostructures coupled with 3D holey carbon nanosheets for highly efficient and ultrastable cycling lithium-ion storage Hou, Chuanxin; Wang, Jun; Du, Wei Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TA03551F	journal	January 2019
Fabrication and photoelectrochemical property of tungsten(vi) oxide films with a flake-wall structure Amano, Fumiaki; Li, Ding; Ohtani, Bunsho Chemical Communications, Vol. 46, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1039/b926931b	journal	January 2010
Quasi-core-shell TiO2/WO3 and WO3/TiO2 nanorod arrays fabricated by glancing angle deposition for solar water splitting Smith, Wilson; Wolcott, Abraham; Fitzmorris, Robert Carl Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 21, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1039/c1jm11629k	journal	January 2011
Ti(iv) doped WO3 nanocuboids: fabrication and enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance Feng, Chengxin; Wang, Shaozhen; Geng, Baoyou Nanoscale, Vol. 3, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/c1nr10460h	journal	January 2011
Highly efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting using a thin film photoanode of BiVO4/SnO2/WO3 multi-composite in a carbonate electrolyte Saito, Rie; Miseki, Yugo; Sayama, Kazuhiro Chemical Communications, Vol. 48, Issue 32 https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cc30713h	journal	January 2012
Photoelectrochemical cells with tungsten trioxide/Mo-doped BiVO4 bilayers Zhang, Kan; Shi, Xin-Jian; Kim, Jung Kyu Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cp40991g	journal	January 2012
Hydrogen-treated WO3 nanoflakes show enhanced photostability Wang, Gongming; Ling, Yichuan; Wang, Hanyu Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ee03158b	journal	January 2012
Hydrothermal synthesis and photoelectrochemical properties of vertically aligned tungsten trioxide (hydrate) plate-like arrays fabricated directly on FTO substrates Yang, Jiao; Li, Wenzhang; Li, Jie Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 22, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1039/c2jm33199c	journal	January 2012
Oxygen-deficient metal oxide nanostructures for photoelectrochemical water oxidation and other applications Wang, Gongming; Ling, Yichuan; Li, Yat Nanoscale, Vol. 4, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1039/c2nr32222f	journal	January 2012
Assembling graphitic-carbon-nitride with cobalt-oxide-phosphate to construct an efficient hybrid photocatalyst for water splitting application Lee, Rui-Lin; Tran, Phong D.; Pramana, Stevin S. Catalysis Science & Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cy00054k	journal	January 2013
Facile growth of aligned WO3 nanorods on FTO substrate for enhanced photoanodic water oxidation activity Kalanur, Shankara Sharanappa; Hwang, Yun Jeong; Chae, Sang Youn Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 1, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ta01175e	journal	January 2013
Towards highly efficient photoanodes: boosting sunlight-driven semiconductor nanomaterials for water oxidation Gan, Jiayong; Lu, Xihong; Tong, Yexiang Nanoscale, Vol. 6, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1039/c4nr01181c	journal	January 2014
Morphology control of one-dimensional heterojunctions for highly efficient photoanodes used for solar water splitting Chae, Sang Youn; Jung, Hyejin; Jeon, Hyo Sang Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 2, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ta00702f	journal	January 2014
Electrosprayed heterojunction WO ₃ /BiVO ₄ films with nanotextured pillar structure for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting Mali, Mukund G.; Yoon, Hyun; Kim, Min-woo Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4918583	journal	April 2015
Direct growth and photoelectrochemical properties of tungsten oxide nanobelt arrays Wang, Hua; Quan, Xie; Zhang, Yaobin Nanotechnology, Vol. 19, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/19/6/065704	journal	January 2008
Effective silicon nanowire arrays/WO ₃ core/shell photoelectrode for neutral pH water splitting Chen, Zhen; Ning, Minghui; Ma, Ge Nanotechnology, Vol. 28, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aa749d	journal	June 2017
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Nanoporous BiVO₄ Photoanodes with Dual-Layer Oxygen Evolution Catalysts for Solar Water Splitting Kim, Tae Woo; Choi, Kyoung-Shin Science, Vol. 343, Issue 6174, p. 990-994 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1246913	journal	February 2014
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Nitrogen Doping of Reactively Sputtered Tungsten Oxide Films Paluselli, Daniela; Marsen, Bjorn; Miller, Eric L. Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2042629	journal	January 2005
Photoelectrochemical Property of Tungsten Oxide Films of Vertically Aligned Flakes for Visible-Light-Induced Water Oxidation Amano, Fumiaki; Li, Ding; Ohtani, Bunsho Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 158, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.3525624	journal	January 2011
Heterostructured TiO ₂ /WO ₃ Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Degradation of Toluene under Visible Light Zhang, Li; Qin, Mingke; Yu, Wei Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0881714jes	journal	January 2017
Large Scaled Synthesis of Heterostructured Electrospun TiO ₂ /SnO ₂ Nanofibers with an Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity Zhang, Li; Yu, Wei; Han, Cui Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1531709jes	journal	January 2017
Potassium Hydroxide Activated and Nitrogen Doped Graphene with Enhanced Supercapacitive Behavior Deng, Weiyuan; Kang, Tianhe; Liu, Hu Science of Advanced Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1166/sam.2018.3279	journal	July 2018
Microwave Popped Co(II)-Graphene Oxide Hybrid: Bifunctional Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Hydrogen Storage Wei, Lin; Lozano, Karen; Mao, Yuanbing Engineered Science https://doi.org/10.30919/es8d723	journal	June 2018
Brain-Like Navigation Scheme based on MEMS-INS and Place Recognition Shen, Chong; Liu, Xiaochen; Cao, Huiliang Applied Sciences, Vol. 9, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.3390/app9081708	journal	April 2019
Improved Charge Separation in WO3/CuWO4 Composite Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation Wang, Danping; Bassi, Prince; Qi, Huan Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9050348	journal	May 2016

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