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Title: Terpene Synthase Genes Originated from Bacteria through Horizontal Gene Transfer Contribute to Terpenoid Diversity in Fungi

Journal Article · · Scientific Reports
 [1]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [3];  [4];  [5]; ORCiD logo [6];  [2];  [4];  [3]; ORCiD logo [2]
  1. Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (United States)
  2. Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
  3. Max Planck Society, Jena (Germany)
  4. Univ. of Bonn (Germany)
  5. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou (China)
  6. Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (United States)

Fungi are essential eukaryotes of wide distribution. They are known as rich producers of secondary metabolites, especially terpenoids, which are crucial for fungi-environment interactions. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is an important mechanism contributing to genetic innovation of fungi. Yet, it remains unclear whether HGT has played a role in creating the enormous chemical diversity of fungal terpenoids. Here we report that fungi have acquired terpene synthase genes (TPSs), which encode pivotal enzymes for terpenoid biosynthesis, from bacteria through HGT. Phylogenetic analysis placed the majority of fungal and bacterial TPS genes from diverse taxa into two clades, indicating ancient divergence. Nested in the bacterial TPS clade is a number of fungal TPS genes that are inferred as the outcome of HGT. These include a monophyletic clade of nine fungal TPS genes, designated as BTPSL for bacterial TPS-like genes, from eight species of related entomopathogenic fungi, including seven TPSs from six species in the genus Metarhizium. In vitro enzyme assays demonstrate that all seven BTPSL genes from the genus Metarhizium encode active enzymes with sesquiterpene synthase activities of two general product profiles. By analyzing the catalytic activity of two resurrected ancestral BTPSLs and one closely related bacterial TPS, the trajectory of functional evolution of BTPSLs after HGT from bacteria to fungi and functional divergence within Metarhizium could be traced. Using M. brunneum as a model species, both BTPSLs and typical fungal TPSs were demonstrated to be involved in the in vivo production of terpenoids, illustrating the general importance of HGT of TPS genes from bacteria as a mechanism contributing to terpenoid diversity in fungi.

Research Organization:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-00OR22725
OSTI ID:
1545189
Journal Information:
Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1; ISSN 2045-2322
Publisher:
Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 22 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Cited By (3)

Mechanistic Studies on Trichoacorenol Synthase from Amycolatopsis benzoatilytica journal November 2019
Hitherto Unknown Terpene Synthase Organization in Taxol-Producing Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Marine Macroalgae journal January 2020
Emission and biosynthesis of volatile terpenoids from the plasmodial slime mold Physarum polycephalum journal January 2019

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