Direct Randomized Benchmarking for Multiqubit Devices

Proctor, Timothy J.; Carignan-Dugas, Arnaud; Rudinger, Kenneth; Nielsen, Erik; Blume-Kohout, Robin; Young, Kevin

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.030503

Direct Randomized Benchmarking for Multiqubit Devices

Journal Article · 18 July 2019 · Physical Review Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.030503· OSTI ID:1544805

Proctor, Timothy J. ^[1]; Carignan-Dugas, Arnaud ^[2]; Rudinger, Kenneth ^[3]; Nielsen, Erik ^[3]; Blume-Kohout, Robin ^[3]; Young, Kevin ^[1]

Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
Univ. of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON (Canada)
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Benchmarking methods that can be adapted to multiqubit systems are essential for assessing the overall or “holistic” performance of nascent quantum processors. The current industry standard is Clifford randomized benchmarking (RB), which measures a single error rate that quantifies overall performance. But, scaling Clifford RB to many qubits is surprisingly hard. It has only been performed on one, two, and three qubits as of this writing. This reflects a fundamental inefficiency in Clifford RB: the n-qubit Clifford gates at its core have to be compiled into large circuits over the one- and two-qubit gates native to a device. As n grows, the quality of these Clifford gates quickly degrades, making Clifford RB impractical at relatively low n. In this Letter, we propose a direct RB protocol that mostly avoids compiling. Instead, it uses random circuits over the native gates in a device, which are seeded by an initial layer of Clifford-like randomization. We demonstrate this protocol experimentally on two to five qubits using the publicly available ibmqx5. We believe this to be the greatest number of qubits holistically benchmarked, and this was achieved on a freely available device without any special tuning up. Our protocol retains the simplicity and convenient properties of Clifford RB: it estimates an error rate from an exponential decay. But, it can be extended to processors with more qubits—we present simulations on 10+ qubits—and it reports a more directly informative and flexible error rate than the one reported by Clifford RB. Here, we show how to use this flexibility to measure separate error rates for distinct sets of gates, and we use this method to estimate the average error rate of a set of cnot gates.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: IARPA; USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC04-94AL85000

OSTI ID:: 1544805

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1543176

Report Number(s):: SAND--2019-7860J; 677251

Journal Information:: Physical Review Letters, Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 123; ISSN 0031-9007; ISSN PRLTAO

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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