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Effects of Ringed Structures and Dust Size Growth on Millimeter Observations of Protoplanetary Disks

Journal Article · · The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [2];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [4];  [4]
  1. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai (China)
  2. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  3. California State Univ, Northridge, CA (United States)
  4. Ludwig Maximilian Univ., Munich (Germany)
  5. Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States)
  6. Center for Integrative Planetary Science, Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  7. Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai (China); Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (China)
+ Show Author Affiliations
The growth of solids from sub-micron to millimeter and centimeter sizes is the early step toward the formation of planets inside protoplanetary disks (PPDs). However, such processes and their potential impact on the later stages of solid growth are still poorly understood. In this work, we test the hypothesis that most disks contain at least one ringed structure with a relative small radius. We have carried out a large family of 1D two-fluid (gas+dust) hydrodynamical simulations by evolving the gas and dust motion self-consistently while allowing dust size to evolve via coagulation and fragmentation. We investigate the joint effects of ringed structures and dust size growth on the overall sub-millimeter and millimeter (mm) flux and spectral index of PPDs. Ringed structures slow down the dust radial drift and speed up the dust growth. In particular, we find that those unresolved disks with a high fragmentation velocity (~10 m s-1) and a high dust surface density (~10 g cm-2 in the ring) can have mm spectral indices as low as ~2.0, consistent with mm observations of faint disks in nearby star forming regions. Furthermore, disks with more than one ringed structure can potentially reproduce brighter disks with spectral indices lower than ~2.5. Future multi-wavelength high-resolution observations of these low spectral index sources can be used to test the existence of the ringed structures in the unresolved disks and differentiate the effects of dust size growth from optical depth.
Research Organization:
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
89233218CNA000001
OSTI ID:
1544705
Report Number(s):
LA-UR--19-23595
Journal Information:
The Astrophysical Journal (Online), Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online) Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 878; ISSN 1538-4357
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Cited By (5)

Dust Trapping and Coagulation in Protoplanetary Disks journal August 2018
Including Dust Coagulation in Hydrodynamic Models of Protoplanetary Disks: Dust Evolution in the Vicinity of a Jupiter-mass Planet journal November 2019
On the Dust Signatures Induced by Eccentric Super-Earths in Protoplanetary Disks journal November 2019
Ring Morphology with Dust Coagulation in Protoplanetary Disks journal January 2020
On the Dust Signatures Induced by Eccentric Super-Earths in Protoplanetary Disks text January 2019

Figures / Tables (14)

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