Scintillation properties and increased vacancy formation in cerium and calcium co-doped yttrium aluminum garnet

Dickens, Peter T.; Haven, Drew T.; Friedrich, Stephan; Lynn, Kelvin G.

doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2018.10.059

Title: Scintillation properties and increased vacancy formation in cerium and calcium co-doped yttrium aluminum garnet

Journal Article · Tue Oct 30 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Journal of Crystal Growth

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2018.10.059· OSTI ID:1544510

^[1]; Haven, Drew T. ^[1]; Friedrich, Stephan ^[2]; Lynn, Kelvin G. ^[1]

Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Co-doping with divalent elements is known to improve the light yield and decay times of some cerium-activated scintillators, despite the stabilization of tetravalent Ce⁴⁺, previously believed to be non-luminescent, from the Ce³⁺ state. Ce⁴⁺ stabilization is a charge compensation mechanism which results from divalent ion substitution of a 3+site. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, which remain poorly understood, we have grown three Ce,Ca:YAG crystals with different amounts of calcium co-dopants by the Czochralski method and characterized their scintillation and defect properties. Calcium co-doping reduces the decay times and stabilizes the formation of Ce⁴⁺ as expected. Interestingly, X-ray fluorescence analysis reveals a decreased concentration of cerium within the YAG crystal for the sample doped with high levels of Ca, which could contribute to the observation that scintillator properties are improved only for low levels of Ca co-doping. Additionally, positron annihilation spectroscopy reveals an increase in the concentration of vacancies with increasing Ca concentration, while thermoluminescence is observed to show no detectable signal. Furthermore, room temperature photoluminescence of the Ce 4f to 5d¹ transition demonstrates decreased emission with increasing Ca co-doping. These data suggest that Ca co-doping decreases the decay time by creating defects with non-radiative decay pathways.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 1544510

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1635946; OSTI ID: 1769112

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-776837; 969839

Journal Information:: Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 507, Issue C; ISSN 0022-0248

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 5 works

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