Diffusive shock re-acceleration

Caprioli, Damiano; Zhang, Horace; Spitkovsky, Anatoly

doi:10.1017/S0022377818000478

Title: Diffusive shock re-acceleration

Journal Article · Tue May 22 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Journal of Plasma Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022377818000478· OSTI ID:1544276

^[1]; Zhang, Horace ^[2]; Spitkovsky, Anatoly ^[2]

Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States); Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)
Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)

Here, we have performed two-dimensional hybrid simulations of non-relativistic collisionless shocks in the presence of pre-existing energetic particles (‘seeds’); such a study applies, for instance, to the re-acceleration of galactic cosmic rays (CRs) in supernova remnant (SNR) shocks and solar wind energetic particles in heliospheric shocks. Energetic particles can be effectively reflected and accelerated regardless of shock inclination via a process that we call diffusive shock re-acceleration. We determine that re-accelerated seeds can drive the streaming instability in the shock upstream and produce effective magnetic field amplification. This can later trigger the injection of thermal protons even at oblique shocks that ordinarily cannot inject thermal particles. We characterize the current in reflected seeds, finding that it tends to a universal value$$J\simeq en_{\text{CR}}v_{\text{sh}}$$, where $$en_{\text{CR}}$$ is the seed charge density and $$v_{\text{sh}}$$ is the shock velocity. When applying our results to SNRs, we find that the re-acceleration of galactic CRs can excite the Bell instability to nonlinear levels in less than$${\sim}10~\text{yr}$$, thereby providing a minimum level of magnetic field amplification for any SNR shock. Finally, we discuss the relevance of diffusive shock re-acceleration also for other environments, such as heliospheric shocks, galactic superbubbles and clusters of galaxies.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); NASA, National Science Foundation (NSF)

OSTI ID:: 1544276

Journal Information:: Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 84, Issue 3; ISSN 0022-3778

Publisher:: Cambridge University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 36 works

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