The EBEX Balloon-borne Experiment—Detectors and Readout

Abitbol, Maximilian; Aboobaker, Asad M.; Ade, Peter; Araujo, Derek; Aubin, François; Baccigalupi, Carlo; Bao, Chaoyun; Chapman, Daniel; Didier, Joy; Dobbs, Matt; Feeney, Stephen M.; Geach, Christopher; Grainger, Will; Hanany, Shaul; Helson, Kyle; Hillbrand, Seth; Hilton, Gene; Hubmayr, Johannes; Irwin, Kent; Jaffe, Andrew; Johnson, Bradley; Jones, Terry; Klein, Jeff; Korotkov, Andrei; Lee, Adrian; Levinson, Lorne; Limon, Michele; MacDermid, Kevin; Miller, Amber D.; Milligan, Michael; Raach, Kate; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Britt; Reintsema, Carl; Sagiv, Ilan; Smecher, Graeme; Tucker, Gregory S.; Westbrook, Benjamin; Young, Karl; Zilic, Kyle

doi:10.3847/1538-4365/aae436

Title: The EBEX Balloon-borne Experiment—Detectors and Readout

Journal Article · Tue Nov 06 00:00:00 EST 2018 · The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aae436· OSTI ID:1544089

; Aboobaker, Asad M.;

;

; Baccigalupi, Carlo; Bao, Chaoyun; Chapman, Daniel;

; Dobbs, Matt; Feeney, Stephen M.; Geach, Christopher; Grainger, Will;

;

; Hillbrand, Seth; Hilton, Gene; Hubmayr, Johannes; Irwin, Kent;

EBEX was a long-duration balloon-borne experiment to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background. The experiment had three frequency bands centered at 150, 250, and 410 GHz and was the first to use a kilopixel array of transition edge sensor bolometers aboard a balloon platform. We determine the design and characterization of the array and the readout system. From the lowest to highest frequency, the median measured detectors' average thermal conductances were 39, 53, and 63 pW/K, the medians of transition temperatures were 0.45, 0.48, and 0.47 K, and the medians of normal resistances were 1.9, 1.5, and 1.4 Ω; moreover, we give the measured distributions. With the exception of the thermal conductance at 150 GHz, all measured values are within 30% of their design. We measure median low-loop-gain time constants τ 0 = 88, 46, and 57 ms. Two measurements of bolometer absorption efficiency gave results consistent within 10% and showing high (~0.9) efficiency at 150 GHz and medium (~0.35 and ~0.25) efficiency at the two higher bands. We calculate a median total optical power absorbed of 3.6, 5.3, and 5.0 pW. EBEX pioneered the use of the digital version of the frequency domain multiplexing system. We multiplexed the bias and readout of 16 bolometers onto two wires. The median per-detector noise-equivalent temperatures are 400, 920, and 14,500 $$\mu {{\rm{K}}}_{{\rm{cmb}}}\sqrt{{\rm{s}}}$$. We compare these values to our preflight predictions and to a previous balloon payload. We report on the sources of excess noise and the path for a future payload to make full use of the balloon environment.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Contributing Organization:: The EBEX Collaboration

OSTI ID:: 1544089

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series (Online), Vol. 239, Issue 1; ISSN 1538-4365

Publisher:: American Astronomical Society/IOPCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 13 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (66)

The kernel polynomial method Weiße, Alexander; Wellein, Gerhard; Alvermann, Andreas Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 78, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.78.275	journal	March 2006
MAXIPOL: Cosmic Microwave Background Polarimetry Using a Rotating Half‐Wave Plate Johnson, B. R.; Collins, J.; Abroe, M. E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 665, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/518105	journal	August 2007
The EBEX Balloon-borne Experiment—Optics, Receiver, and Polarimetry Aboobaker, Asad M.; Ade, Peter; Araujo, Derek The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 239, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aae434	journal	November 2018
The EBEX Balloon-borne Experiment—Gondola, Attitude Control, and Control Software Aboobaker, Asad; Ade, Peter; Araujo, Derek The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 239, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aae435	journal	November 2018
BOOMERANG: A Balloon‐borne Millimeter‐Wave Telescope and Total Power Receiver for Mapping Anisotropy in the Cosmic Microwave Background Crill, B. P.; Ade, P. A. R.; Artusa, D. R. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 148, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/376894	journal	October 2003
First implementation of TES bolometer arrays with SQUID-based multiplexed readout on a balloon-borne platform Aubin, François; Aboobaker, Asad M.; Ade, Peter SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857596	conference	July 2010
Miscellaneous data on materials for millimetre and submillimetre optics Lamb, James W. International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, Vol. 17, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02069487	journal	December 1996
Planck 2015 results : X. Diffuse component separation: Foreground maps Adam, R.; Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 594 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525967	journal	September 2016
The ebex Cryostat and Supporting Electronics Sagiv, Ilan; Aboobaker, Asad M.; Bao, Chaoyun Proceedings of the MG12 Meeting on General Relativity, The Twelfth Marcel Grossmann Meeting https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814374552_0429	conference	August 2012
Bolometer noise: nonequilibrium theory Mather, John C. Applied Optics, Vol. 21, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.21.001125	journal	January 1982
HEALPix: A Framework for High‐Resolution Discretization and Fast Analysis of Data Distributed on the Sphere Gorski, K. M.; Hivon, E.; Banday, A. J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 622, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/427976	journal	April 2005
The performance of the bolometer array and readout system during the 2012/2013 flight of the E and B experiment (EBEX) MacDermid, Kevin; Aboobaker, Asad M.; Ade, Peter SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2056267	conference	July 2014
Comparison of NIST SA13a and SA4b SQUID Array Amplifiers Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano; Arnold, Kam; Barron, Darcy Journal of Low Temperature Physics, Vol. 193, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-018-2052-7	journal	September 2018
Single superconducting quantum interference device multiplexer for arrays of low-temperature sensors Yoon, Jongsoo; Clarke, John; Gildemeister, J. M. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 78, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1338963	journal	January 2001
A MEASUREMENT OF THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND B -MODE POLARIZATION POWER SPECTRUM AT SUB-DEGREE SCALES WITH POLARBEAR P. A. R. Ade, The Polarbear Collaboration:; Akiba, Y.; Anthony, A. E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 794, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/794/2/171	journal	October 2014
A novel bolometer for infrared and millimeter-wave astrophysics Bock, J. J.; Chen, D.; Mauskopf, P. D. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 74, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00751274	journal	October 1995
EBEX: the E and B Experiment Grainger, Will; Aboobaker, Asad M.; Ade, Peter SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.789627	conference	August 2008
Microwave properties of low-loss polymers at cryogenic temperatures Jacob, M. V.; Mazierska, J.; Leong, K. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 50, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/22.982226	journal	January 2002
Design Evolution of the Spiderweb TES Bolometer for Cosmology Applications Westbrook, B.; Lee, A.; Meng, X. Journal of Low Temperature Physics, Vol. 167, Issue 5-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-012-0528-4	journal	February 2012
Design and characterization of TES bolometers and SQUID readout electronics for a balloon-borne application Hubmayr, Johannes; Aubin, François; Bissonnette, Eric SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.788461	conference	August 2008
Invited Article: Millimeter-wave bolometer array receiver for the Atacama pathfinder experiment Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (APEX-SZ) instrument Schwan, D.; Ade, P. A. R.; Basu, K. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 82, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3637460	journal	September 2011
The LiteBIRD Satellite Mission: Sub-Kelvin Instrument Suzuki, A.; Ade, P. A. R.; Akiba, Y. Journal of Low Temperature Physics, Vol. 193, Issue 5-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-018-1947-7	journal	May 2018
Performance of a continuously rotating half-wave plate on the POLARBEAR telescope Takakura, Satoru; Aguilar, Mario; Akiba, Yoshiki Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2017, Issue 05 https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2017/05/008	journal	May 2017
A cryogenic half-wave plate polarimeter using a superconducting magnetic bearing Klein, Jeff; Aboobaker, Asad; Ade, Peter SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.893669	conference	September 2011
DC SQUID series array amplifiers with 120 MHz bandwidth (corrected) Huber, M. E.; Neil, P. A.; Benson, R. G. IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/77.947383	journal	June 2001
Voltage-biased superconducting transition-edge bolometer with strong electrothermal feedback operated at 370 mK Lee, Shih-Fu; Gildemeister, Jan M.; Holmes, Warren Applied Optics, Vol. 37, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.37.003391	journal	January 1998
A Large-Diameter Cryogenic Rotation Stage for Half-Wave Plate Polarization Modulation on the POLARBEAR-2 Experiment Hill, C. A.; Kusaka, A.; Barton, P. Journal of Low Temperature Physics, Vol. 193, Issue 5-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-018-1980-6	journal	May 2018
Digital Frequency Domain Multiplexer for Millimeter-Wavelength Telescopes Dobbs, Matt; Bissonnette, Eric; Spieler, Helmuth IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 55, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2007.911601	journal	January 2008
Frequency multiplexed superconducting quantum interference device readout of large bolometer arrays for cosmic microwave background measurements Dobbs, M. A.; Lueker, M.; Aird, K. A. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 83, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4737629	journal	July 2012
Numerical optimization of integrating cavities for diffraction-limited millimeter-wave bolometer arrays Glenn, Jason; Chattopadhyay, Goutam; Edgington, Samantha F. Applied Optics, Vol. 41, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.41.000136	journal	January 2002
Thermal conductivity of niobium in the purely superconducting and normal states Kes, P. H.; Rolfes, J. G. A.; de Klerk, D. Journal of Low Temperature Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00659079	journal	November 1974
All-sky analysis of polarization in the microwave background Zaldarriaga, Matias; Seljak, Uroš Physical Review D, Vol. 55, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.55.1830	journal	February 1997
BICEP2 and Keck array: upgrades and improved beam characterization Buder, I.; Ade, P. A. R.; Ahmed, Z. SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2055713	conference	August 2014
Thermal analysis of a prototype cryogenic polarization modulator for use in a space-borne CMB polarization experiment Iida, T.; Sakurai, Y.; Matsumura, T. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 278 https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/278/1/012011	journal	December 2017
Temperature calibration of the E and B Experiment Aubin, François; Aboobaker, Asad M.; Bao, Chaoyun Proceedings of the MG14 Meeting on General Relativity, The Fourteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting https://doi.org/10.1142/9789813226609_0229	conference	December 2017
Design and performance of feedhorn-coupled bolometer arrays for SPIRE Rownd, Brooks; Bock, James J.; Chattopadhyay, Goutam Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.459372	conference	February 2003
STARS: a software application for the EBEX autonomous daytime star cameras Chapman, Daniel; Didier, Joy; Hanany, Shaul SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2057181	conference	July 2014
Software systems for operation, control, and monitoring of the EBEX instrument Milligan, Michael; Ade, Peter; Aubin, François SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857583	conference	July 2010
The EBEX experiment Oxley, Paul; Ade, Peter A.; Baccigalupi, C. Optical Science and Technology, the SPIE 49th Annual Meeting, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.563447	conference	November 2004
POLARBEAR-2: an instrument for CMB polarization measurements Inoue, Y.; Ade, P.; Akiba, Y. SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2231961	conference	August 2016
Detection of $B$ -Mode Polarization at Degree Angular Scales by BICEP2 Ade, P. A. R.; Aikin, R. W.; Barkats, D. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.241101	journal	June 2014
The Simons Array CMB polarization experiment Stebor, N.; Ade, P.; Akiba, Y. SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2233103	conference	July 2016
Detection of $B$ -Mode Polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background with Data from the South Pole Telescope Hanson, D.; Hoover, S.; Crites, A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.141301	journal	September 2013
The Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope for Polarimetry-BLASTPol: performance and results from the 2012 Antarctic flight Galitzki, N.; Ade, P. A. R.; Angilè, F. E. SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2054759	conference	July 2014
A superconducting bolometer with strong electrothermal feedback Lee, Adrian T.; Richards, Paul L.; Nam, Sae Woo Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 69, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.117491	journal	September 1996
EBEX: a balloon-borne CMB polarization experiment Reichborn-Kjennerud, Britt; Aboobaker, Asad M.; Ade, Peter SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857138	conference	July 2010
Detection of polarization in the cosmic microwave background using DASI Kovac, J. M.; Leitch, E. M.; Pryke, C. Nature, Vol. 420, Issue 6917 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01269	journal	December 2002
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: CMB polarization at 200 < ℓ < 9000 Naess, Sigurd; Hasselfield, Matthew; McMahon, Jeff Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2014, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2014/10/007	journal	October 2014
Planck 2015 results : XI. CMB power spectra, likelihoods, and robustness of parameters Aghanim, N.; Arnaud, M.; Ashdown, M. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 594 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201526926	journal	September 2016
Planck 2015 results : XIII. Cosmological parameters Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N.; Arnaud, M. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 594 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525830	journal	September 2016
Planck 2015 results : XVI. Isotropy and statistics of the CMB Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N.; Akrami, Y. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 594 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201526681	journal	September 2016
Helium Cryogenics Frederking, T. H. K. Cryogenics, Vol. 27, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(87)90170-6	journal	August 1987
Planck 2015 results : XXVI. The Second Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N.; Argüeso, F. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 594 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201526914	journal	September 2016
The EBEX Cryostat and Supporting Electronics Sagiv, Ilan; Aboobaker, Asad M.; Bao, Chaoyun arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1005.3339	preprint	January 2010
EBEX: A balloon-borne CMB polarization experiment Reichborn-Kjennerud, Britt; Aboobaker, Asad M.; Ade, Peter arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1007.3672	text	January 2010
Detection of B-mode Polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background with Data from the South Pole Telescope Hanson, D.; Hoover, S.; Crites, A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1307.5830	text	January 2013
The performance of the bolometer array and readout system during the 2012/2013 flight of the E and B experiment (EBEX) MacDermid, Kevin; Aboobaker, Asad M.; Ade, Peter arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1407.6894	text	January 2014
A Joint Analysis of BICEP2/Keck Array and Planck Data Collaborations, Planck; Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1502.00612	text	January 2015
Planck 2015 results. X. Diffuse component separation: Foreground maps Collaboration, Planck; Adam, R.; Ade, P. A. R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1502.01588	text	January 2015
Temperature calibration of the E and B experiment Aubin, Francois; Aboobaker, Asad M.; Ade, Peter arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1601.07923	preprint	January 2016
The EBEX Balloon-Borne Experiment - Gondola, Attitude Control, and Control Software Collaboration, The EBEX; Aboobaker, Asad; Ade, Peter arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1702.07020	text	January 2017
Performance of a continuously rotating half-wave plate on the POLARBEAR telescope Takakura, Satoru; Aguilar, Mario; Akiba, Yoshiki arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1702.07111	text	January 2017
The EBEX Balloon Borne Experiment - Optics, Receiver, and Polarimetry Collaboration, The EBEX; Aboobaker, Asad M.; Ade, Peter arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1703.03847	text	January 2017
BOOMERANG: A Balloon-borne Millimeter Wave Telescope and Total Power Receiver for Mapping Anisotropy in the Cosmic Microwave Background Crill, B. P.; Ade, P. A. R.; Artusa, D. R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0206254	text	January 2002
HEALPix -- a Framework for High Resolution Discretization, and Fast Analysis of Data Distributed on the Sphere Gorski, K. M.; Hivon, E.; Banday, A. J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0409513	text	January 2004
An All-Sky Analysis of Polarization in the Microwave Background Zaldarriaga, Matias; Seljak, Uros arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9609170	text	January 1996

Cited By (9)

Development and Testing of the FDM Read-Out of the TES Arrays Aboard the LSPE/SWIPE Balloon-Borne Experiment Tartari, A.; Baldini, A. M.; Cei, F. Journal of Low Temperature Physics, Vol. 199, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-020-02431-4	journal	March 2020
Balloon-borne Cosmic Microwave Background experiments Masi, Silvia; Coppolecchia, A.; Battistelli, E. EPJ Web of Conferences, Vol. 209 https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920901046	journal	January 2019
Intensity-coupled Polarization in Instruments with a Continuously Rotating Half-wave Plate Didier, Joy; Miller, Amber D.; Araujo, Derek The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 876, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab0f36	journal	May 2019
The EBEX Balloon-borne Experiment—Optics, Receiver, and Polarimetry Aboobaker, Asad M.; Ade, Peter; Araujo, Derek The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 239, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aae434	journal	November 2018
The EBEX Balloon-borne Experiment—Gondola, Attitude Control, and Control Software Aboobaker, Asad; Ade, Peter; Araujo, Derek The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 239, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aae435	journal	November 2018
The EBEX Balloon-Borne Experiment - Gondola, Attitude Control, and Control Software Collaboration, The EBEX; Aboobaker, Asad; Ade, Peter arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1702.07020	text	January 2017
The EBEX Balloon Borne Experiment - Optics, Receiver, and Polarimetry Collaboration, The EBEX; Aboobaker, Asad M.; Ade, Peter arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1703.03847	text	January 2017
Intensity-Coupled-Polarization in Instruments with a Continuously Rotating Half-Wave Plate Didier, Joy; Miller, Amber D.; Araujo, Derek arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1711.01314	text	January 2017
Superconducting On-chip Fourier Transform Spectrometer Basu Thakur, R.; Klimovich, N.; Day, P. K. Journal of Low Temperature Physics, Vol. 200, Issue 5-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-020-02490-7	journal	June 2020

Similar Records

The EBEX Balloon-borne Experiment—Gondola, Attitude Control, and Control Software

Journal Article · Tue Nov 06 00:00:00 EST 2018 · The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series (Online) · OSTI ID:1544089

Aboobaker, Asad; Ade, Peter; Araujo, Derek; +32 more

The EBEX Balloon-borne Experiment—Optics, Receiver, and Polarimetry

Journal Article · Tue Nov 06 00:00:00 EST 2018 · The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series (Online) · OSTI ID:1544089

Aboobaker, Asad M.; Ade, Peter; Araujo, Derek; +34 more

Developments of Highly Multiplexed, Multi-chroic Pixels for Balloon-Borne Platforms

Journal Article · Thu Nov 15 00:00:00 EST 2018 · Journal of Low Temperature Physics · OSTI ID:1544089

Hanany, S.; Johnson, B. R.; Lee, A.; +3 more

Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
balloons
cosmic background radiation
cosmology: observations
instrumentation: detectors
instrumentation: polarimeters

Title: The EBEX Balloon-borne Experiment—Detectors and Readout

Citation Formats

References (66)

Cited By (9)

Similar Records

Related Subjects