Mass ejection in failed supernovae: variation with stellar progenitor

Fernández, Rodrigo; Quataert, Eliot; Kashiyama, Kazumi; Coughlin, Eric R.

doi:10.1093/mnras/sty306

Title: Mass ejection in failed supernovae: variation with stellar progenitor

Journal Article · Fri Feb 09 00:00:00 EST 2018 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty306· OSTI ID:1543976

Fernández, Rodrigo ^[1]; Quataert, Eliot ^[2]; Kashiyama, Kazumi ^[3]; Coughlin, Eric R. ^[2]

Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB (Canada)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. of Tokyo (Japan)

We study the ejection of mass during stellar core-collapse when the stalled shock does not revive and a black hole forms. Neutrino emission during the protoneutron star phase causes a decrease in the gravitational mass of the core, resulting in an outward going sound pulse that steepens into a shock as it travels out through the star. We explore the properties of this mass ejection mechanism over a range of stellar progenitors using spherically symmetric, time-dependent hydrodynamic simulations that treat neutrino mass-loss parametrically and follow the shock propagation over the entire star. We find that all types of stellar progenitor can eject mass through this mechanism. The ejected mass is a decreasing function of the surface gravity of the star, ranging from several M_⊙ for red supergiants to ~0.1 M_⊙ for blue supergiants and ~10^-3 M_⊙ for Wolf–Rayet stars. We find that the final shock energy at the surface is a decreasing function of the core-compactness, and is ≲ 10⁴⁷–10⁴⁸ erg in all cases. In progenitors with a sufficiently large envelope, high core-compactness, or a combination of both, the sound pulse fails to unbind mass. Successful mass ejection is accompanied by significant fallback accretion that can last from hours to years. We predict the properties of shock breakout and thermal plateau emission produced by the ejection of the outer envelope of blue supergiant and Wolf–Rayet progenitors in otherwise failed supernovae.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC); Univ. of California, Oakland, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1543976

Journal Information:: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 476, Issue 2; ISSN 0035-8711

Publisher:: Royal Astronomical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 66 works

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Most Black Holes Are Born Very Slowly Rotating Fuller, Jim; Ma, Linhao The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab339b	journal	August 2019
Partial Stellar Disruption by a Supermassive Black Hole: Is the Light Curve Really Proportional to t ^−9/4? Coughlin, Eric R.; Nixon, C. J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 883, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab412d	journal	September 2019
Black Hole Formation in Fallback Supernova and the Spins of LIGO Sources Schrøder, Sophie L.; Batta, Aldo; Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1805.01269	text	January 2018
Weak shock propagation with accretion. I. Self-similar solutions and application to failed supernovae Coughlin, Eric R.; Quataert, Eliot; Ro, Stephen arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1805.06456	text	January 2018
Black Hole Accretion Discs and Luminous Transients in Failed Supernovae from Non-Rotating Supergiants Quataert, Eliot; Lecoanet, Daniel; Coughlin, Eric R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1811.12427	text	January 2018
Multidimensional analysis of Fermi GBM gamma-ray bursts Horvath, I.; Hakkila, J.; Bagoly, Z. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1905.12998	text	January 2019
Gaussian-mixture-model-based cluster analysis of gamma-ray bursts in the BATSE catalog Tóth, B. G.; Rácz, I. I.; Horváth, I. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1906.01362	text	January 2019
Most Black Holes are Born Very Slowly Rotating Fuller, Jim; Ma, Linhao arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1907.03714	text	January 2019
Mind the gap: The location of the lower edge of the pair instability supernovae black hole mass gap Farmer, R.; Renzo, M.; de Mink, S. E. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1910.12874	text	January 2019

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