Effects of Catalyst Phase on the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction of Water Splitting: Preparation of Phase-Pure Films of FeP, Fe2P, and Fe3 P and Their Relative Catalytic Activities

Schipper, Desmond E.; Zhao, Zhenhuan; Thirumalai, Hari; Leitner, Andrew P.; Donaldson, Samantha L.; Kumar, Arvind; Qin, Fan; Wang, Zhiming; Grabow, Lars C.; Bao, Jiming; Whitmire, Kenton H.

doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b01624

Effects of Catalyst Phase on the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction of Water Splitting: Preparation of Phase-Pure Films of FeP, Fe₂P, and Fe₃ P and Their Relative Catalytic Activities

Journal Article · Thu Apr 26 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Chemistry of Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b01624· OSTI ID:1543610

Schipper, Desmond E. ^[1]; Zhao, Zhenhuan ^[2]; Thirumalai, Hari ^[3]; Leitner, Andrew P. ^[1]; Donaldson, Samantha L. ^[1]; Kumar, Arvind ^[1]; Qin, Fan ^[2]; Wang, Zhiming ^[4]; ^[3]; ^[2]; ^[1]

Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States)
Univ. of Houston, TX (United States); Univ. of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu (China)
Univ. of Houston, TX (United States)
Univ. of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu (China)

The comparative catalytic activities of iron phosphides, Fe_xP (x = 1–3), have been established with phase-pure material grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) from single-source organometallic precursors. This is the first report of the preparation of phase-pure thin films of FeP and Fe₂P, and their identity was established with scanning-electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction. All materials were deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) for evaluation of their activities toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of water splitting in 0.5 M H₂SO₄. HER activity follows the trend Fe₃P > Fe₂P > FeP, with Fe₃P having the lowest overpotential of 49 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm^–2. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are congruent with the observed activity trend with hydrogen binding favoring the iron-rich terminating surfaces of Fe₃P and Fe₂P over the iron-poor terminating surfaces of FeP. The results present a clear trend of activity with iron-rich phosphide phases outperforming phosphorus rich phases for hydrogen evolution. The films of Fe₂P were grown using Fe(CO)₄PH₃ (1), while the films of FeP were prepared using either Fe(CO)₄P^tBuH₂ (2) or the new molecule {Fe(CO)4P(H)tBu}2 (3) on quartz and FTO. Compound 3 was prepared from the reaction of PCl₂^tBu with a mixture of Na[HFe(CO)₄] and Na₂[Fe(CO)₄] and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, ESI-MS, elemental analysis, and ³¹P/¹H NMR spectroscopies. Films of Fe₃P were prepared as previously described from H₂Fe₃(CO)₉P^tBu (4).

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC); Univ. of California, Oakland, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1543610

Journal Information:: Chemistry of Materials, Journal Name: Chemistry of Materials Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 30; ISSN 0897-4756

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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