Electricity rates for electric vehicle direct current fast charging in the United States

Muratori, Matteo; Kontou, Eleftheria; Eichman, Joshua D.

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.06.042

Title: Electricity rates for electric vehicle direct current fast charging in the United States

Journal Article · Sat Jun 29 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.06.042· OSTI ID:1543251

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National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (United States)

While several efforts are promoting a widespread and convenient network of direct current fast charging (DCFC) stations to support electric vehicles, there is limited understanding of the magnitude and variability of the cost of electricity for these applications. This information gap may hinder optimal investing and planning for charging station placement and in turn affect electric vehicle adoption and usage. Here, we assess the electricity cost for different scenarios of DCFC station size and use based on over 7500 commercial and industrial electricity rates available for 2017 across the United States. Results show that the cost of electricity for DCFC varies dramatically, ranging from less than 0.10 cents to over 2 dollars per kilowatt-hour, depending on station design and high uncertainty in use. The main driver of cost is low utilization, which results from a combination of few charging events and limited energy recharged during each event. Low utilization leads to significantly higher electricity cost, particularly for rates with demand charges; however, cost decreases rapidly as utilization increases. For high-utilization stations, selecting rates with demand charges can actually reduce electricity costs compared to non-demand-charge rates. Furthermore, significant opportunities for cost savings based on existing rates include preferential charging during off-peak hours and limiting multi-plug station power so that not all plugs can be used simultaneously at maximum power.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1543251

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1530456

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5400-73761

Journal Information:: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 113, Issue C; ISSN 1364-0321

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 38 works

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