Characterizing Boreal Peatland Plant Composition and Species Diversity with Hyperspectral Remote Sensing

McPartland, Mara; Falkowski, Michael; Reinhardt, Jason; Kane, Evan; Kolka, Randy; Turetsky, Merritt; Douglas, Thomas; Anderson, John; Edwards, Jarrod; Palik, Brian; Montgomery, Rebecca

doi:10.3390/rs11141685

Title: Characterizing Boreal Peatland Plant Composition and Species Diversity with Hyperspectral Remote Sensing

Journal Article · Tue Jul 16 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Remote Sensing

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11141685· OSTI ID:1543014

; Falkowski, Michael;

;

; Kolka, Randy; Turetsky, Merritt;

; Anderson, John; Edwards, Jarrod; Palik, Brian; Montgomery, Rebecca

Peatlands, which account for approximately 15% of land surface across the arctic and boreal regions of the globe, are experiencing a range of ecological impacts as a result of climate change. Factors that include altered hydrology resulting from drought and permafrost thaw, rising temperatures, and elevated levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide have been shown to cause plant community compositional changes. Shifts in plant composition affect the productivity, species diversity, and carbon cycling of peatlands. We used hyperspectral remote sensing to characterize the response of boreal peatland plant composition and species diversity to warming, hydrologic change, and elevated CO2. Hyperspectral remote sensing techniques offer the ability to complete landscape-scale analyses of ecological responses to climate disturbance when paired with plot-level measurements that link ecosystem biophysical properties with spectral reflectance signatures. Working within two large ecosystem manipulation experiments, we examined climate controls on composition and diversity in two types of common boreal peatlands: a nutrient rich fen located at the Alaska Peatland Experiment (APEX) in central Alaska, and an ombrotrophic bog located in northern Minnesota at the Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments (SPRUCE) experiment. We found a strong effect of plant functional cover on spectral reflectance characteristics. We also found a positive relationship between species diversity and spectral variation at the APEX field site, which is consistent with other recently published findings. Based on the results of our field study, we performed a supervised land cover classification analysis on an aerial hyperspectral dataset to map peatland plant functional types (PFTs) across an area encompassing a range of different plant communities. Our results underscore recent advances in the application of remote sensing measurements to ecological research, particularly in far northern ecosystems.

View Journal Article

Cite

Export

Save

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: Cooperative agreement with USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station

OSTI ID:: 1543014

Journal Information:: Remote Sensing, Journal Name: Remote Sensing Vol. 11 Journal Issue: 14; ISSN 2072-4292

Publisher:: MDPI AGCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Switzerland

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 17 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (91)

The evidence for shrub expansion in Northern Alaska and the Pan-Arctic Tape, Ken; Sturm, Matthew; Racine, Charles Global Change Biology, Vol. 12, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01128.x	journal	April 2006
The response of boreal peatland community composition and NDVI to hydrologic change, warming, and elevated carbon dioxide McPartland, Mara Y.; Kane, Evan S.; Falkowski, Michael J. Global Change Biology, Vol. 25, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14465	journal	October 2018
Bias of the Random Forest Out-of-Bag (OOB) Error for Certain Input Parameters Mitchell, Matthew W. Open Journal of Statistics, Vol. 01, Issue 03 https://doi.org/10.4236/ojs.2011.13024	journal	January 2011
Evaluation of the Point Intercept Method for the Estimation of Plant Biomass Jonasson, Sven Oikos, Vol. 52, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2307/3565988	journal	March 1988
Climate change drives a shift in peatland ecosystem plant community: Implications for ecosystem function and stability Dieleman, Catherine M.; Branfireun, Brian A.; McLaughlin, James W. Global Change Biology, Vol. 21, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12643	journal	June 2014
Using aboveground vegetation attributes as proxies for mapping peatland belowground carbon stocks Lopatin, Javier; Kattenborn, Teja; Galleguillos, Mauricio Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 231 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111217	journal	September 2019
Attaining whole-ecosystem warming using air and deep-soil heating methods with an elevated CO ₂ atmosphere Hanson, Paul J.; Riggs, Jeffery S.; Nettles, W. Robert Biogeosciences, Vol. 14, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-861-2017	journal	January 2017
Responses of Arctic Tundra to Experimental and Observed Changes in Climate Chapin, F. Stuart; Shaver, Gaius R.; Giblin, Anne E. Ecology, Vol. 76, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.2307/1939337	journal	April 1995
Using Imaging Spectroscopy to Study Ecosystem Processes and Properties Ustin, Susan L.; Roberts, Dar A.; Gamon, John A. BioScience, Vol. 54, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0523:UISTSE]2.0.CO;2	journal	January 2004
Response of NDVI, biomass, and ecosystem gas exchange to long-term warming and fertilization in wet sedge tundra Boelman, Natalie T.; Stieglitz, Marc; Rueth, Heather M. Oecologia, Vol. 135, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1198-3	journal	March 2003
Mapping tropical forest canopy diversity using high-fidelity imaging spectroscopy Féret, Jean-Baptiste; Asner, Gregory P. Ecological Applications, Vol. 24, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1890/13-1824.1	journal	September 2014
Criteria Comparison for Classifying Peatland Vegetation Types Using In Situ Hyperspectral Measurements Erudel, Thierry; Fabre, Sophie; Houet, Thomas Remote Sensing, Vol. 9, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9070748	journal	July 2017
Mapping plant strategy types using remote sensing Schmidtlein, Sebastian; Feilhauer, Hannes; Bruelheide, Helge Journal of Vegetation Science, Vol. 23, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01370.x	journal	November 2011
Northern Peatlands: Role in the Carbon Cycle and Probable Responses to Climatic Warming Gorham, Eville Ecological Applications, Vol. 1, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.2307/1941811	journal	May 1991
Essential Biodiversity Variables Pereira, H. M.; Ferrier, S.; Walters, M. Science, Vol. 339, Issue 6117 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1229931	journal	January 2013
Warming effects on greenhouse gas fluxes in peatlands are modulated by vegetation composition Ward, Susan E.; Ostle, Nicholas J.; Oakley, Simon Ecology Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12167	journal	August 2013
Effects of Experimental Water Table and Temperature Manipulations on Ecosystem CO2 Fluxes in an Alaskan Rich Fen Chivers, M. R.; Turetsky, M. R.; Waddington, J. M. Ecosystems, Vol. 12, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-009-9292-y	journal	October 2009
From The Cover: Plant community responses to experimental warming across the tundra biome Walker, M. D.; Wahren, C. H.; Hollister, R. D. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 103, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0503198103	journal	January 2006
Hyperspectral remote sensing of peatland floristic gradients Harris, A.; Charnock, R.; Lucas, R. M. Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 162 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.01.029	journal	June 2015
Precipitation frequency alters peatland ecosystem structure and CO ₂ exchange: Contrasting effects on moss, sedge, and shrub communities Radu, Danielle D.; Duval, Tim P. Global Change Biology, Vol. 24, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14057	journal	February 2018
Shrub expansion in tundra ecosystems: dynamics, impacts and research priorities Myers-Smith, Isla H.; Forbes, Bruce C.; Wilmking, Martin Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 6, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045509	journal	October 2011
Predicting Vascular Plant Richness in a Heterogeneous Wetland Using Spectral and Textural Features and a Random Forest Algorithm Cabezas, Julian; Galleguillos, Mauricio; Perez-Quezada, Jorge F. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2016.2532743	journal	May 2016
Landscape-scale variation in plant community composition of an African savanna from airborne species mapping Baldeck, C. A.; Colgan, M. S.; Féret, J. -B. Ecological Applications, Vol. 24, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1890/13-0307.1	journal	January 2014
Plant functional types as predictors of transient responses of arctic vegetation to global change Chapin, F. Stuart; Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia; Hobbie, Sarah E. Journal of Vegetation Science, Vol. 7, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.2307/3236278	journal	June 1996
Spectroscopic determination of leaf morphological and biochemical traits for northern temperate and boreal tree species Serbin, Shawn P.; Singh, Aditya; McNeil, Brenden E. Ecological Applications, Vol. 24, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1890/13-2110.1	journal	October 2014
Ecosystem carbon storage in arctic tundra reduced by long-term nutrient fertilization Mack, Michelle C.; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia Nature, Vol. 431, Issue 7007 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02887	journal	September 2004
Effects of spatial and spectral resolution in estimating ecosystem α-diversity by satellite imagery Rocchini, Duccio Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 111, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2007.03.018	journal	December 2007
The use of hyperspectral remote sensing to assess vascular plant species richness on Horn Island, Mississippi Lucas, K.; Carter, G. Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 112, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.06.009	journal	October 2008
Monitoring plant functional diversity from space Jetz, Walter; Cavender-Bares, Jeannine; Pavlick, Ryan Nature Plants, Vol. 2, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2016.24	journal	March 2016
Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Canopy Biodiversity in Hawaiian Lowland Rainforests Carlson, Kimberly M.; Asner, Gregory P.; Hughes, R. Flint Ecosystems, Vol. 10, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-007-9041-z	journal	July 2007
Climate sensitivity of shrub growth across the tundra biome Myers-Smith, Isla H.; Elmendorf, Sarah C.; Beck, Pieter S. A. Nature Climate Change, Vol. 5, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2697	journal	July 2015
Nitrogen Cycling and the Spread of Shrubs Control Changes in the Carbon Balance of Arctic Tundra Ecosystems Weintraub, Michael N.; Schimel, Joshua P. BioScience, Vol. 55, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0408:NCATSO]2.0.CO;2	journal	January 2005
Hyperspectral remote sensing of plant pigments Blackburn, G. A. Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 58, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erl123	journal	November 2006
Response of bog and fen Plant Communities to Warming and Water-Table Manipulations Weltzin, Jake F.; Pastor, John; Harth, Calvin Ecology, Vol. 81, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[3464:ROBAFP]2.0.CO;2	journal	December 2000
Widespread global peatland establishment and persistence over the last 130,000 y Treat, Claire C.; Kleinen, Thomas; Broothaerts, Nils Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 116, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1813305116	journal	February 2019
Combining Isomap ordination and imaging spectroscopy to map continuous floristic gradients in a heterogeneous landscape Feilhauer, Hannes; Faude, Ulrike; Schmidtlein, Sebastian Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 115, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.05.011	journal	October 2011
An introduction to the NASA Hyperspectral InfraRed Imager (HyspIRI) mission and preparatory activities Lee, Christine M.; Cable, Morgan L.; Hook, Simon J. Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 167 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.06.012	journal	September 2015
Predicting peatland carbon fluxes from non-destructive plant traits Goud, Ellie M.; Moore, Tim R.; Roulet, Nigel T. Functional Ecology, Vol. 31, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12891	journal	May 2017
Hyperspectral remote sensing of foliar nitrogen content Knyazikhin, Y.; Schull, M. A.; Stenberg, P. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 110, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1210196109	journal	December 2012
A general and simple method for obtaining R ² from generalized linear mixed-effects models Nakagawa, Shinichi; Schielzeth, Holger Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Vol. 4, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210x.2012.00261.x	journal	December 2012
Fire, climate change, and forest resilience in interior AlaskaThis article is one of a selection of papers from The Dynamics of Change in Alaska's Boreal Forests: Resilience and Vulnerability in Response to Climate Warming. Johnstone, Jill F.; Chapin, F. Stuart; Hollingsworth, Teresa N. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Vol. 40, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1139/X10-061	journal	July 2010
Remotely sensed spectral heterogeneity as a proxy of species diversity: Recent advances and open challenges Rocchini, Duccio; Balkenhol, Niko; Carter, Gregory A. Ecological Informatics, Vol. 5, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2010.06.001	journal	September 2010
Hyperspectral image classification and dimensionality reduction: an orthogonal subspace projection approach Harsanyi, J. C.; Chang, C. -I. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 32, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/36.298007	journal	July 1994
How Essential Biodiversity Variables and remote sensing can help national biodiversity monitoring Vihervaara, Petteri; Auvinen, Ari-Pekka; Mononen, Laura Global Ecology and Conservation, Vol. 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2017.01.007	journal	April 2017
Impacts of Biodiversity Loss Escalate Through Time as Redundancy Fades Reich, P. B.; Tilman, D.; Isbell, F. Science, Vol. 336, Issue 6081 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1217909	journal	May 2012
Indicators of plant species richness in AVIRIS spectra of a mesic grassland Carter, Gregory A.; Knapp, Alan K.; Anderson, Jim E. Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 98, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2005.08.001	journal	October 2005
NEON: the first continental-scale ecological observatory with airborne remote sensing of vegetation canopy biochemistry and structure Kampe, Thomas U. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1117/1.3361375	journal	January 2010
Estimation of plant water concentration by the reflectance Water Index WI (R900/R970) Penuelas, J.; Pinol, J.; Ogaya, R. International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 18, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1080/014311697217396	journal	September 1997
Sources and sinks of carbon in boreal ecosystems of interior Alaska: A review Douglas, Thomas A.; Jones, Miriam C.; Hiemstra, Christopher A. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, Vol. 2 https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000032	journal	December 2014
TRY - a global database of plant traits: TRY - A GLOBAL DATABASE OF PLANT TRAITS Kattge, J.; DÍAz, S.; Lavorel, S. Global Change Biology, Vol. 17, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02451.x	journal	June 2011
The Influence of Functional Diversity and Composition on Ecosystem Processes Tilman, D. Science, Vol. 277, Issue 5330 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.277.5330.1300	journal	August 1997
Remote sensing for biodiversity science and conservation Turner, Woody; Spector, Sacha; Gardiner, Ned Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Vol. 18, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00070-3	journal	June 2003
High Spectral Resolution Remote Sensing of Forest Canopy Lignin, Nitrogen, and Ecosystem Processes Martin, Mary E.; Aber, John D. Ecological Applications, Vol. 7, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[0431:HSRRSO]2.0.CO;2	journal	May 1997
SpecTIR hyperspectral airborne Rochester experiment data collection campaign Herweg, Jared A.; Kerekes, John P.; Weatherbee, Oliver SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.919268	conference	May 2012
Thawing sub-arctic permafrost: Effects on vegetation and methane emissions Christensen, Torben R. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 31, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018680	journal	January 2004
Integrated Analysis of Productivity and Biodiversity in a Southern Alberta Prairie Wang, Ran; Gamon, John; Emmerton, Craig Remote Sensing, Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8030214	journal	March 2016
Sensing biodiversity Turner, W. Science, Vol. 346, Issue 6207 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1256014	journal	October 2014
Primary and secondary stem growth in arctic shrubs: implications for community response to environmental change Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia; Shaver, Gaius R.; Chapin, F. Stuart Journal of Ecology, Vol. 90, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2001.00657.x	journal	April 2002
Arctic and boreal ecosystems of western North America as components of the climate system Chapin, F. S.; Mcguire, A. D.; Randerson, J. Global Change Biology, Vol. 6, Issue S1 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06022.x	journal	December 2000
Quantitative tools for perfecting species lists Palmer, Michael W.; Earls, Peter G.; Hoagland, Bruce W. Environmetrics, Vol. 13, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/env.516	journal	January 2002
Effects of changing permafrost and snow conditions on tundra wildlife: critical places and times Berteaux, Dominique; Gauthier, Gilles; Domine, Florent Arctic Science, Vol. 3, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2016-0023	journal	June 2017
Differentiating among Four Arctic Tundra Plant Communities at Ivotuk, Alaska Using Field Spectroscopy Bratsch, Sara; Epstein, Howard; Buchhorn, Marcel Remote Sensing, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8010051	journal	January 2016
Global biodiversity monitoring: From data sources to Essential Biodiversity Variables Proença, Vânia; Martin, Laura Jane; Pereira, Henrique Miguel Biological Conservation, Vol. 213 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.07.014	journal	September 2017
Differentiating plant functional types using reflectance: which traits make the difference? Kattenborn, Teja; Fassnacht, Fabian Ewald; Schmidtlein, Sebastian Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.86	journal	July 2018
Spectral detection of near-surface moisture content and water-table position in northern peatland ecosystems Meingast, Karl M.; Falkowski, Michael J.; Kane, Evan S. Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 152 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.07.014	journal	September 2014
Influence of species richness, evenness, and composition on optical diversity: A simulation study Wang, Ran; Gamon, John A.; Schweiger, Anna K. Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 211 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.04.010	journal	June 2018
From Satellite Imagery to Peatland Vegetation Diversity: How Reliable Are Habitat Maps? Poulin, Monique F.; Careau, Denis; Rochefort, Line Conservation Ecology, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-00446-060216	journal	January 2002
Ecosystem stewardship: A resilience framework for arctic conservation Chapin III, F. Stuart; Sommerkorn, Martin; Robards, Martin D. Global Environmental Change, Vol. 34 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.07.003	journal	September 2015
Relationships between leaf pigment content and spectral reflectance across a wide range of species, leaf structures and developmental stages Sims, Daniel A.; Gamon, John A. Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 81, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00010-X	journal	August 2002
Remote Sensing of Vegetation, Plant Species Richness, and Regional Biodiversity Hotspots Gould, William Ecological Applications, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1861:RSOVPS]2.0.CO;2	journal	December 2000
Response of plant community structure and primary productivity to experimental drought and flooding in an Alaskan fen Churchill, Amber C.; Turetsky, Merritt R.; McGuire, A. David Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Vol. 45, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0100	journal	February 2015
On Definition and Quantification of Heterogeneity Li, H.; Reynolds, J. F. Oikos, Vol. 73, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.2307/3545921	journal	June 1995
Locality-Preserving Dimensionality Reduction and Classification for Hyperspectral Image Analysis Li, Wei; Prasad, Saurabh; Fowler, James E. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 50, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2011.2165957	journal	April 2012
Predicting mountain plant richness and rarity from space using satellite-derived vegetation indices: Predicting mountain biodiversity from space Levin, Noam; Shmida, Avi; Levanoni, Oded Diversity and Distributions, Vol. 13, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00372.x	journal	May 2007
Forecasting Wildlife Response to Rapid Warming in the Alaskan Arctic Van Hemert, Caroline; Flint, Paul L.; Udevitz, Mark S. BioScience, Vol. 65, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biv069	journal	June 2015
Does using species abundance data improve estimates of species diversity from remotely sensed spectral heterogeneity? Oldeland, Jens; Wesuls, Dirk; Rocchini, Duccio Ecological Indicators, Vol. 10, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.07.012	journal	March 2010
Potential effects of warming and drying on peatland plant community composition Weltzin, Jake F.; Bridgham, Scott D.; Pastor, John Global Change Biology, Vol. 9, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00571.x	journal	February 2003
Remote sensing of plant functional types: Tansley review Ustin, Susan L.; Gamon, John A. New Phytologist, Vol. 186, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03284.x	journal	May 2010
Non-Destructive Determination of Chlorophyll Content of Leaves of a Green and an Aurea Mutant of Tobacco by Reflectance Measurements Lichtenthaler, Hartmut K.; Gitelson, Anatoly; Lang, Michael Journal of Plant Physiology, Vol. 148, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-1617(96)80283-5	journal	January 1996
Estimating Vegetation Beta Diversity from Airborne Imaging Spectroscopy and Unsupervised Clustering Baldeck, Claire; Asner, Gregory Remote Sensing, Vol. 5, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5052057	journal	April 2013
Imaging Spectrometry for Earth Remote Sensing Goetz, A. F. H.; Vane, G.; Solomon, J. E. Science, Vol. 228, Issue 4704 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.228.4704.1147	journal	June 1985
Plant spectral diversity integrates functional and phylogenetic components of biodiversity and predicts ecosystem function Schweiger, Anna K.; Cavender-Bares, Jeannine; Townsend, Philip A. Nature Ecology & Evolution, Vol. 2, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0551-1	journal	May 2018
Wetland succession in a permafrost collapse: interactions between fire and thermokarst Myers-Smith, I. H.; Harden, J. W.; Wilmking, M. Biogeosciences, Vol. 5, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-1273-2008	journal	January 2008
The spectral image processing system (SIPS)—interactive visualization and analysis of imaging spectrometer data Kruse, F. A.; Lefkoff, A. B.; Boardman, J. W. Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 44, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(93)90013-N	journal	May 1993
ABoVE: Hyperspectral Imagery from AVIRIS-NG, Alaskan and Canadian Arctic, 2017-2018 Miller, C. E.; Green, R. O.; Thompson, D. R. ORNL Distributed Active Archive Center https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1569	collection	January 2019
Retrieval of the photochemical reflectance index for assessing xanthophyll cycle activity: a comparison of near-surface optical sensors Harris, A.; Gamon, J. A.; Pastorello, G. Z. Biogeosciences, Vol. 11, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6277-2014	journal	January 2014
Random Forests Breiman, Leo Machine Learning, Vol. 45, Issue 1, p. 5-32 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010933404324	journal	January 2001
A decade of boreal rich fen greenhouse gas fluxes in response to natural and experimental water table variability Olefeldt, David; Euskirchen, Eugénie S.; Harden, Jennifer Global Change Biology, Vol. 23, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13612	journal	January 2017
Evolution and Measurement of Species Diversity Whittaker, R. H. TAXON, Vol. 21, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.2307/1218190	journal	May 1972
Human-animal agency in reindeer management: Sámi herders’ perspectives on vegetation dynamics under climate change Horstkotte, T.; Utsi, T. Aa.; Larsson-Blind, Å. Ecosphere, Vol. 8, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1931	journal	September 2017
Impact of shrub canopies on understorey vegetation in western Eurasian tundra: Impact of shrub canopies on understorey vegetation Pajunen, A. M.; Oksanen, J.; Virtanen, R. Journal of Vegetation Science, Vol. 22, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01285.x	journal	April 2011

Similar Records

The response of boreal peatland community composition and NDVI to hydrologic change, warming, and elevated carbon dioxide

Journal Article · Sat Oct 27 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Global Change Biology · OSTI ID:1543014

McPartland, Mara Y.; Kane, Evan S.; Falkowski, Michael J.; +4 more

Historical and Projected Trends in Landscape Drivers Affecting Carbon Dynamics in Alaska

Journal Article · Sat Apr 08 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Ecological Applications · OSTI ID:1543014

Pastick, Neal J.; Duffy, Paul; Genet, Hélène; +8 more

Minnesota peat viromes reveal terrestrial and aquatic niche partitioning for local and global viral populations

Journal Article · Fri Nov 26 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Microbiome · OSTI ID:1543014

ter Horst, Anneliek M.; Santos-Medellín, Christian; Sorensen, Jackson W.; +11 more

Title: Characterizing Boreal Peatland Plant Composition and Species Diversity with Hyperspectral Remote Sensing

Citation Formats

References (91)

Similar Records

Related Subjects