Stoichiometric Layered Potassium Transition Metal Oxide for Rechargeable Potassium Batteries

Kim, Haegyeom; Seo, Dong-Hwa; Urban, Alexander; Lee, Jinhyuk; Kwon, Deok-Hwang; Bo, Shou-Hang; Shi, Tan; Papp, Joseph K.; McCloskey, Bryan D.; Ceder, Gerbrand

doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b03228

Title: Stoichiometric Layered Potassium Transition Metal Oxide for Rechargeable Potassium Batteries

Journal Article · Wed Aug 29 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Chemistry of Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b03228· OSTI ID:1542320

^[1]; Seo, Dong-Hwa ^[2]; Urban, Alexander ^[2]; Lee, Jinhyuk ^[2]; Kwon, Deok-Hwang ^[2]; Bo, Shou-Hang ^[3];

^[2];

^[2]; Ceder, Gerbrand ^[4]

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of Michigan−Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ. Joint Inst., Shanghai (China)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)

K-ion batteries are promising alternative energy storage systems for large-scale applications because of the globally abundant K reserves. K-ion batteries benefit from the lower standard redox potential of K/K⁺ than that of Na/Na⁺ and even Li/Li⁺, which can translate into a higher working voltage. Stable KC₈ can also be formed via K intercalation into a graphite anode, which contrasts with the thermodynamically unfavorable Na intercalation into graphite, making graphite a readily available anode for K-ion battery technology. However, to construct practical rocking-chair K-ion batteries, an appropriate cathode material that can accommodate reversible K release and storage is still needed. We show that stoichiometric KCrO₂ with a layered O₃-type structure can function as a cathode for K-ion batteries and demonstrate a practical rocking-chair K-ion battery. In situ X-ray diffraction and electrochemical titration demonstrate that KxCrO₂ is stable for a wide K content, allowing for topotactic K extraction and reinsertion. We further explain why stoichiometric KCrO₂ is unique in forming the layered structure unlike other stoichiometric K-transition metal oxide compounds, which form nonlayered structures; this fundamental understanding provides insight for the future design of other layered cathodes for K-ion batteries.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1542320

Journal Information:: Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 18; ISSN 0897-4756

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 82 works

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